野

See also: 埜

Translingual

Han character

野 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 6712₂, composition ⿰里予)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1291, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
• Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 1
• Unihan data for U+91CE

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		野
alternative forms		㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 𡑀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
野	*laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	*ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	*l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	*hlja, *ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	*la, *laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).

Etymology

Various etymologies have been proposed:

• From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountain slope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
• Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
• From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yě (ye³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
• Northern Min (KCR): iǎ / ià
• Eastern Min (BUC): iā
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iá

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ia²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ya

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yě
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yě
    • Wade–Giles: yeh³
    • Yale: yě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: je⁵
    • Yale: yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ / ià
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/, /ia⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
    • Tâi-lô: iá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ia²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ya
    • MiniDict: ya^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 野
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɛ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/iɛ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ie¹³/
	Jinan	/iə⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/iɛ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/iɛ⁵³/
	Xining	/i⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ie⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iə⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/iɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ie⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ie⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ie⁴²/
	Kunming	/iɛ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ie²¹²/
	Hefei	/i²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ie̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦia²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔie̞⁵³/ /ʔi⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/i³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ie³⁵/ /ia³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ia²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ie⁴¹/ /ia⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/iɒ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɑ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ia⁴⁴/ /ia³¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒɑ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɛ²³/
	Nanning	/jɛ²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jɛ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ia⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ia³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ia²¹/ /ia⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ia⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ze²¹³/ /ia²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: yaeX

Rime
Character	野
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊者切
Baxter	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/iaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaX/
Li Rong	/iaX/
Wang Li	/jĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	野
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yě
Middle Chinese	‹ yæX ›
Old Chinese	/*lAʔ/
English	open country
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野
Reading #	1/2
No.	15722
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 野

1. countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
2. plain; open country; open space
3. area; region; boundary
4. (among) the people; not in power; out of office
5. unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
6. wild; not domesticated; stray
7. feral; untamed; unrestrained
8. rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
9. unofficial; informal; illegal
10. (literary or Eastern Min, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) very; quite

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁵ / seoi⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi⁵ / seoi⁶
    • Yale: séuih / seuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁵ / soey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁵ / sêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyoX

Rime
Character	野
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	承與切
Baxter	dzyoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ʑiɔX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野
Reading #	2/2
No.	15729
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*ɦljaʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 野

1. ^† Original form of 墅 (shù, “field; field hut; detached residence”).

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 野 – see 嘢 (“thing; matter; stuff; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 嘢).

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Japanese

Kanji

野

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. field, plain
2. natural, pristine
3. rough
4. bare, open
5. extant, scope, sphere
6. civil, non-governmental
7. baseball ground
8. Shimotsuke Province

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←じよ (zyo, historical)}; や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: ぬ (nu, 野); の (no, 野, Jōyō)
• Nanori: とお (tō)^{←とほ (tofo, historical)}; なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}; ひろ (hiro); ずけ (zuke); つけ (tsuke)

Compounds

Compounds

• 野(や)外(がい) (yagai, “outdoor”)
• 野狐(やこ) (yako, “wild fox”)
• 野(や)蛮(ばん) (yaban, “savage”)
• 野(や)党(とう) (yatō, “opposition party”)
• 原(げん)野(や) (gen'ya)
• 平(へい)野(や) (heiya, “plain”)
• 野老(トコロ) (tokoro)
• 野木瓜(ムベ) (mube)
• 野羊(ヤギ) (yagi)
• 上野(こうずけ) (Kōzuke)
• 下野(しもつけ) (Shimotsuke)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
野
の Grade: 2
kun’yomi

• 埜

Etymology 1

⟨no₁⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be distinct from の (/no₂/ → no, possessive/case-marker particle) and 篦 (/no₂/ → no, “arrow shaft”).

Noun

野(の) • (no) 

1. an area, field

   Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)

2. the hidden part of a structure

   Antonym: 化粧 (keshō)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 野宿(のじゅく) (nojuku)
• 野(の)点(だて) (nodate)
• 野良(のら) (nora)
• 上(うえ)野(の) (Ueno)
• 上(かみつ)毛野(けの) (Kamitsukeno)
• 上(しもつ)毛野(けの) (Shimotsukeno)

Prefix

野(の) • (no-) 

1. wild

   野(の)兎(うさぎ)

   nōsagi

   wild rabbit

2. rustic, unsophisticated

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 野(ノ)苺(イチゴ) (noichigo)
• 野(の)兎(うさぎ) (nōsagi)
• 野(の)鼠(ねずみ) (nonezumi)
• 野薔薇(のばら) (nobara)

Idioms

• 野(の)に置(お)く (no ni oku)

Proverbs

• 野(の)暮(く)れ山(やま)暮(く)れ (no kure yama kure)
• 野(の)に伏(ふ)し山(やま)に伏(ふ)す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
• 後(あと)は野(の)となれ山(やま)となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
野
ぬ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

*/nʷə/ → /nu/

The Eastern Old Japanese pronunciation, attested in poems of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Noun

野(ぬ) • (nu) 

1. (regional, obsolete) Same with の (​no) above
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4387:
     , text here

     知波乃(ちばの)奴(ぬ)乃(の)古乃弖加之波能(このてかしはの)保々麻例等(ほほまれど)阿夜尓加奈之美(あやにかなしみ)於枳弖他加枳奴(おきてたがきぬ) [Man'yōgana]

     千葉(ちば)の野(ぬ)の児手(このて)柏(がしは)のほほまれどあやに愛(かな)しみ置(お)きて誰(た)が来(き)ぬ [Modern spelling]

     chiba no nu no konote-gashiwa no hohomaredo aya ni kanashimi okite ta ga kinu

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. (historical) Misspelling of 野 (no), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other waka poetry

Derived terms

• 上(かみつ)毛野(けぬ) (Kamitsukenu)
• 上(しもつ)毛野(けぬ) (Shimotsukenu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
野
や Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 野 (MC yaeX).

Noun

野(や) • (ya) 

1. an area, field

   Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)

2. a private or civil matter

   Synonym: 民間 (minkan)

Idioms

• 野(や)に遺賢(いけん)無(な)し (ya ni iken nashi)
• 野(や)に下(くだ)る (ya ni kudaru)

Adjectival noun

野(や) • (ya) ^†-nari

1. (archaic) rustic, unsophisticated

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Korean

Hanja

野 (eum 야 (ya))

1. Hanja form^? of 야 (“wild; savage; untamed”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 재야 (在野, jaeya)
• 야채 (野菜, yachae)
• 야구 (野球, yagu)
• 야인 (野人, yain)
• 야만 (野蠻, yaman)
• 야성 (野性, yaseong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

野: Hán Việt readings: dã (以(dĩ)者(giả)切(thiết))
野: Nôm readings: dã, nhả, rã

1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

Compounds

• 野球 (dã cầu)
• 野蠻 (dã man)
• 野人 (dã nhân/dã nhơn)