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Tag: new-L2
Line 126: Line 126:
{{IPAchar|/pa/}} → {{IPAchar|/fa/}} → {{IPAchar|/ha/}}
{{IPAchar|/pa/}} → {{IPAchar|/fa/}} → {{IPAchar|/ha/}}


From {{etyl|ojp|ja|sort=は}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>, from {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*pa}}. Probably cognate with {{etyl|ojp|-}} verb {{m|ja|生ゆ|tr=hayu||to sprout, to grow}} → modern {{m|ja|生える|tr=haeru}}, and with {{m|ja|羽|tr=ha||feather; wing}}. Probably also cognate with {{m|ja|歯|tr=ha||tooth}} from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with {{m|ja|刃|tr=ha||blade}} from similarities in shape. Compare {{cog|en|blade}}.
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=は|-}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>, from {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*pa}}. Probably distinct from the {{etyl|ojp|-}} verb {{m|ja|生ゆ|tr=hayu||to sprout, to grow}} → modern {{m|ja|生える|tr=haeru}} and {{m|ja|花|tr=hana||flower}} and instead related to {{m|ja|羽|tr=ha||feather; wing}}. Probably also cognate with {{m|ja|歯|tr=ha||tooth}} from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with {{m|ja|刃|tr=ha||blade}} from similarities in shape. Compare {{cog|en|blade}}.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
Line 176: Line 176:


[[Category:CJKV simplified characters which already existed as traditional characters|艸枼]]
[[Category:CJKV simplified characters which already existed as traditional characters|艸枼]]

----

==Kunigami==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|xug|jpx-ryu-pro|*pa}}, from {{inh|xug|jpx-pro|*pa}}.

===Kanji===
{{head|xug|kanji}}

* {{ja-readings|kun=[[ぱー]] (phaa)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/pʰaː/|lang=xug}}

===Noun===
{{head|xug|noun|hiragana|ぱー|romaji|phaa}}

# [[leaf]]

----

==Miyako==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|mvi|jpx-ryu-pro|*pa}}, from {{inh|mvi|jpx-pro|*pa}}.

===Kanji===
{{head|mvi|kanji}}

* {{ja-readings|kun=[[ぱー]] (paa)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/paː/|lang=mvi}}

===Noun===
{{head|mvi|noun|hiragana|ぱー|romaji|paa}}

# [[leaf]]


----
----
Line 184: Line 224:
{{head|ryu|kanji}}
{{head|ryu|kanji}}


* {{ja-readings|kun=[[ふぁー]] (fā)}}
* {{ja-readings|kun=[[ふぁー]] (faa)}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|ryu|jpx-ryu-pro|*pa}}, from {{inh|ryu|jpx-pro|*pa}}.
Derived from Proto-{{etyl|jpx|ryu}} pa. Cognate with {{etyl|xug|-}} phaá, Middle Japanese ɸa, and modern {{etyl|ja|-}} ha.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/ɸaː/|lang=ryu}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{head|ryu|noun|hiragana|ふぁー|romaji|fā}}
{{head|ryu|noun|hiragana|ふぁー|romaji|faa}}


# [[leaf]]
# [[leaf]]
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# {{defn|lang=vi|sort=艸09}}
# {{defn|lang=vi|sort=艸09}}

----

==Yaeyama==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|rys|jpx-ryu-pro|*pa}}, from {{inh|rys|jpx-pro|*pa}}.

===Kanji===
{{head|rys|kanji}}

* {{ja-readings|kun=[[ぱー]] (paa)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/paː/|lang=rys}}

===Noun===
{{head|rys|noun|hiragana|ぱー|romaji|paa}}

# [[leaf]]

----

==Yonaguni==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|yoi|jpx-ryu-pro|*pa}}, from {{inh|yoi|jpx-pro|*pa}}.

===Kanji===
{{head|yoi|kanji}}

* {{ja-readings|kun=[[はー]] (haa)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/haː/|lang=yoi}}

===Noun===
{{head|yoi|noun|hiragana|はー|romaji|haa}}

# [[leaf]]

Revision as of 00:09, 2 February 2019

See also: 叶, 頁, and 页

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Han character

葉 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese

trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貰 *ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇 *l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣 *ʔljebs
世 *hljebs
泄 *lebs, *sled
枻 *lebs
詍 *lebs
靾 *lebs
袣 *lebs
抴 *lebs, *led
呭 *lebs
勩 *lebs, *libs
屜 *l̥ʰeːbs
鰈 *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫 *zreːb, *sled
煠 *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋 *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢 *rlaːb, *sleːb
殜 *l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉 *hljeb, *leb
弽 *hljeb, *hleːb
韘 *hljeb, *sleːb
枼 *leb
楪 *leb
揲 *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱 *leb
偞 *leb, *hleːb
蝶 *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒 *l'eːb
蹀 *l'eːb
諜 *l'eːb
堞 *l'eːb
牃 *l'eːb
褋 *l'eːb
惵 *l'eːb
碟 *l'eːb
屧 *sleːb
屟 *sleːb
紲 *sled
齛 *sled
疶 *sled
緤 *sled
媟 *sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • hio̍h - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • ia̍p - literary (including the surname).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hiêh8 / hioh8 / iab8 / iag8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hie̍h / hio̍h / ia̍p / ia̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hieʔ⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/, /iap̚⁴/, /iak̚⁴/
Note:
  • hiêh8/hioh8 - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • iab8/iag8 - literary (including the surname).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與涉切
Baxter yep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiap̚/
Li
Rong 		/iɛp̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jip6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yep ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l[a]p/
English leaf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
No. 11561
Phonetic
component 		世
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		葉
Old
Chinese 		/*leb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 葉

  1. leaf; petal
  2. page of book
  3. era; epoch
  4. (southern Wu, Min) wing
  5. a surname
Synonyms
  • (leaf): (Min) 箬

Pronunciation 2

Wikipedia has an article on:

Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書涉切
Baxter syep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiap̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sip3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
No. 11557
Phonetic
component 		世
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		攝
Old
Chinese 		/*hljeb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 葉

  1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
  2. (～村) (historical) Ye (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Template:der-mid

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
Kanji in this term
葉
は
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/pa/ → /fa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese.[1], from Proto-Japonic *pa. Probably distinct from the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru) and 花 (hana, “flower”) and instead related to 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape. Compare English blade.

Pronunciation

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Noun

葉(は) • (ha)  (counter 枚)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葉
よう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 葉／叶 (yep, “leaf”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

葉(よう) • (yō) ←えふ (efu)?

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
  2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
  3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

Counter

葉(よう) • (-yō) ←えふ (efu)?

  1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
  2. (by extension) counter for small boats

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

葉 • (yeop, seop) (hangeul 엽, 섭, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, sŏp, Yale yep, sep)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji phaa)

  1. leaf

Miyako

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji paa)

  1. leaf

Okinawan

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana ふぁー, romaji faa)

  1. leaf

Compounds

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 葉 (diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji paa)

  1. leaf

Yonaguni

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana はー, romaji haa)

  1. leaf
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