binden
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Pronunciation
Verb
binden
- (transitive) To tie.
- (transitive) To wrap.
- (transitive) To bind (generally, legally/contractually).
- (intransitive) To bind, to thicken (of food).
Inflection
Conjugation of binden (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | binden | |||
past singular | bond | |||
past participle | gebonden | |||
infinitive | binden | |||
gerund | binden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | bind | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | bindt, bind2 | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | bindt | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | bindt | bondt | ||
3rd person singular | bindt | bond | ||
plural | binden | bonden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | binde | bonde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | binden | bonden | ||
imperative sing. | bind | |||
imperative plur.1 | bindt | |||
participles | bindend | gebonden | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
Descendants
German
Etymology
From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.
Pronunciation
Verb
binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.
- Er hat den Hund an den Zaun gebunden.
- He's bound the dog to the fence.
- Aus den Zweigen binde ich einen Kranz.
- From the twigs I’ll bind a wreath.
- ein Buch binden ― to bind a book
- (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc.
- Ich binde mir die Schuhe. ― I'm tying my shoes.
- Sie hat sich einen Zopf gebunden.
- She's tied her hair into a ponytail.
- Er hat sich einen Schal um den Hals gebunden.
- He's tied a scarf around his neck.
- (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind
- Mein Vertrag bindet mich. ― My contract binds me.
- Ich bin vertraglich gebunden. ― I'm bound by a contract.
- (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage)
- (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison
- Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.
- There is no liaison with French singular nouns.
Conjugation
infinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bindend | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ihr bindet | du bindest | ihr bindet | ||
er bindet | sie binden | er binde | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich band | wir banden | ii | ich bände1 | wir bänden1 |
du bandest du bandst |
ihr bandet | du bändest1 | ihr bändet1 | ||
er band | sie banden | er bände1 | sie bänden1 | ||
imperative | bind (du) binde (du) |
bindet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
- abbinden
- anbinden
- Angebinde
- aufbinden
- Ausbund
- Band
- Binde
- Bindedraht
- Bindegarn
- Bindegewebe
- Bindehaut
- Bindemittel
- Binden
- bindend
- Binder
- Binderei
- Bindestrich
- Bindeton
- Bindewort
- Bindfaden
- Bindung
- Buchbinder
- Bund
- Einband
- einbinden
- entbinden
- Gebinde
- umbinden
- ungebunden
- unterbinden
- unverbindlich
- verbinden
- verbindlich
- Verbindlichkeit
- Verbindung
- Verbund
- zubinden
Further reading
- “binden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “binden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “binden” in Duden online
- “binden” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Verb
binden
Inflection
Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | binden | |
3rd sg. past | bant | |
3rd pl. past | bonden | |
Past participle | bond | |
Infinitive | binden | |
In genitive | bindens | |
In dative | bindene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bant |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bonts, bondes |
3rd singular | bint, bindet | bant |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bont, bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bonde |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bondes |
3rd singular | binde | bonde |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | bint, binde | |
Plural | bint, bindet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | bindende | bond |
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “binden (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “binden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde + -en (infinitival suffix).
Pronunciation
Verb
binden
- To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
- To wrap; to enclose in wrapping.
- To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
- To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.
- To connect or link (especially by binding):
- (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
- (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.
- To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
- To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:
- To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.
- (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.
- To force or compel (to perform an action):
- To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.
- To evacuate; to induce constipation.
- To unify or join; to make one.
- To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.
- (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.
- (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) binden, binde | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | binde | band, bond, bound | |
2nd-person singular | bindest | bounde, bonde, band | |
3rd-person singular | bindeth | band, bond, bound | |
subjunctive singular | binde | bounde1, bonde1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | binden, binde | bounden, bounde, bonden, bonde | |
imperative plural | bindeth, binde | — | |
participles | bindynge, bindende | bounden, bounde, ybounden, ybounde |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Usage notes
This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “bī̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-27.
Middle High German
Etymology
From Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind.
Verb
binden
- To bind.
Conjugation
infinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bindende | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ir bindet | du bindest | ir bindet | ||
ër bindet | sie bindent | ër bindet | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich band | wir bunden | ii | ich bünde | wir bünden |
du bünde | ir bundet | du bündest | ir bündet | ||
ër band | sie bunden | ër bünde | sie bünden | ||
imperative | bind (du) | binden (wir) | bindet (ir) |
Descendants
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon bindan (“to bind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "originally" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /bɪndən/
Verb
binden
- To bind.
Conjugation
Plain Infinitive | binden | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô bindene or tô bindende | |||
Verbal Noun | binden or bindent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | bindende | 2nd Person Singular | bint | |
Past | gebunden | 2nd Person Plural | bindet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | binde | bant | binde | bünde |
2nd Person Singular | bindest or bintst | bundest or bündest | bindest | bündest |
3rd Person Singular | bindet or bint | bant | bindet | bünde |
Plural | binden (bindet?) | bunden or bünden | binden | bünden |
Descendants
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndən/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch transitive verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch class 3a strong verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/ɪndn̩
- Rhymes:German/ɪndn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German reflexive verbs
- German intransitive verbs
- de:Phonetics
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Late Middle English
- Middle English class 3 strong verbs
- enm:Appearance
- enm:Emotions
- enm:Marriage
- enm:Medicine
- enm:Society
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German verbs
- Middle Low German strong verbs
- Middle Low German class 3 strong verbs