User:Bezimenen/Examples of vowel gradation

Qualitative

C•R roots

C•r / C•rˀ (1)

Root	Paradigm	e-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*mer-	AP C	*merti	*mьrǫ / *mьřǫ	*morъ, *mora
*nerH-	AP C	*nerti	*nьrǫ	*norъ, *nora
*perH-	AP C	*perti	*pьrǫ	*porъ
*terh₁-	AP B?	*terti	*tьrǫ	*torъ
*sterh₃-	AP C	*sterti	*stьrǫ	*storъ, *storna
*gʷerh₃-	AP C	*žerti	*žьrǫ	–
*werH-	AP C	*verti	*vьrǫ	*vorъ
*ǵʰerH-?	AP C	*zerti > *zьrěti (ě/i)	*zьrǫ	*zorъ, *zorkъ

C•r / C•rˀ (2)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*bʰer-	AP C	*bьrati	*berǫ	*borъ
*derH-	AP C	*dьrati	*derǫ	*dorъ
*(s)perH-	AP C	*pьrati	*perǫ	–
*(s)ḱer-	AP B?	*sьrati	*serǫ	*sorъ

C•r / C•rˀ (3о)

Root	Paradigm	primary	secondary	0-grade
*bʰerH-	AP B	*borti : *bořǫ	*boriti	*bъrtь, *brinъ
*perH-	AP B	*porti : *pořǫ	*poriti	*pъrtъ
*h₂erh₃-	AP C	*orti  : *ořǫ	*orati, *(orz)oriti	?

C•l / C•lˀ (1)

Root	Paradigm	e-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*welH-	AP C	*velti (Baltic) / *vьlati (ChSl)	*vьľǫ	*valъ (ō-grade)

C•l / C•lˀ (2)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*stel-	AP B	*stьlati	*steľǫ	*postolъ? < *pod- + *stolъ

C•l / C•lˀ (3e)

Root	Paradigm	e-grade	o-grade	0-grade
*melh₂-	AP B	*melti : *meľǫ	*molъ?, *moltъ	*mlinъ
*(s)pelH-	AP А/C	*pelti : *peľǫ / *pelvǫ	*polъ (“half”)?, *poltь	-

C•l / C•lˀ (3o)

Root	Paradigm	primary	secondary	0-grade
*kelh₂-	AP B	*kolti : *koľǫ	*kolъ, *koltъ	*kъlъ, *klinъ
*pelH-	AP ?	*polti : *poľǫ	*polъ (“surface”), *polnъ	*pьlnъ?

C•N roots

C•n / C•nˀ (1')

Root	Paradigm	e-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*(s)penh₁-	AP C	*pęti	*pьnǫ	*ponъ
?	AP C	*tęti	*tьnǫ	*tonъ (Sorbian)
*ken-	AP B	*čęti	*čьnǫ	*konъ

C•n / C•nˀ (1")

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*meyH- + n-infix ?	AP B	*męti	*mьnǫ	–
*ǵeyH- + n-infix ?	AP B	*žęti	*žьnǫ / *žьňǫ	–
*kelh₁- + n-infix ?	AP C	*klęti	*klьnǫ	–

C•n / C•nˀ (2)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*gʷʰen-	AP B/C	*gъnati	*ženǫ	*gonъ

C•m / C•mˀ (1)

Root	Paradigm	е/о-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*h₁em-	AP B	*ęti	*jьmǫ	–
*gem-	AP B	*žęti	*žьmǫ	*gomata, *gomola?
*dʰemH-	AP B	*dǫti	*dъmǫ	*sǫdoma?

C•m / C•mˀ (2)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*h₁em-	AP B	*jьmati	*emǫ / *emľǫ	–

C•I roots

C•i / C•iˀ (1)

Root	e-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*weh₁y-	*viti	*vьjǫ	*vojь
*(s)leyH-	*liti	*lьjǫ	–
*peh₃y-?	*piti	*pьjǫ	*pojь
*bʰeyh₂-	*biti	*bьjǫ	*bojь
*bʰreyH-	*briti	*brьjǫ	*brojь
*gʷeyh₃-	*žiti	*živǫ / *žьjǫ	*gojь
*kʷeyh₁-	*počiti	*počijǫ	*pokojь

C•i / C•iˀ (2)

Root	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*(s)leh₁y-?	*lьjati	*lějǫ	*lojь
*h₃reyH-	*rьjati	*rějǫ	*rojь
*bʰreyH-	*brьjati	*brějǫ	*brojь
*(s)ḱeh₁y-	*sьjati	*sějǫ	*sojь, *soja
*smeyH-	*smьjati	*smějǫ	–
*ǵʰeh₂y-	*zьjati	*zějǫ	*zojь?
*ǵʰneyH-	*znьjati	*znějǫ	*znojь
*meyH-	*mьjati (reanalyzed)	*mějǫ?	–

C•i / C•iˀ (3)

Root	primary	secondary	noun
*pey(H)-?	*pěti : *pojǫ / *pějǫ	*pěvati	*pojьka

C•U roots

C•w / C•wˀ (1)

Root	Paradigm	e-grade	0-grade	o-grade
*ǵyewh₁-	AP C	*žuti	*žьvǫ / *žÿjǫ	–
*(H)rewH-	AP C	*ruti	*rъvǫ	*rovъ

C•w / C•wˀ (2)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
*bʰlewH- + *byewH-	AP C	*bľьvati	*bľujǫ	–
*(s)pyewH-	AP A	*pľьvati	*pľujǫ	–
*klewH-	AP C	*kľьvati	*kľujǫ	–
*ǵyewh₁-	AP C	*žьvati	*žujǫ	*žuka
*(H)rewH-	AP C	*rъvati	*rujǫ	*ruxa
*ǵʰewH-	AP C	*zъvati	*zovǫ	*zovъ
?	AP ?	*pъvati	*povǫ?	–

C•w / C•wˀ (?)

Root	Paradigm	primary	secondary	0-grade
*kewh₂-?	AP C	*kuti : *kovǫ / *kujǫ	*kovati	*kyjь
*snewH-	AP C	*snuti : *snovǫ / *snujǫ	*snovati	–
*ḱewH-?	AP C	*suti : *sujǫ	*sovati	–
*h₃rewH-?	AP C	*řuti : *revǫ / *řujǫ	*revati	*rykъ
*(s)kewh₁-	AP A	*čuti : *čujǫ	–	–
*dʰewh₂-	AP A	*duti : *dujǫ	–	*dymъ
*ḱlew-	AP C	*sluti : *slovǫ	*slovati	–
*plew-	AP C	*pluti : *plovǫ	*plovati	*plъtъ
*trewH-	AP C	*truti : *trovǫ	*trovati	–

C•w / C•wˀ (3)

Root	Paradigm	0-grade	e/o-grade
*bʰeh₂w-?	AP A	*byti : *byjǫ / *bydǫ	*bava
*tewh₂-	AP C	*tyti : *tyjǫ	*tovъ?
*neh₂w-?	AP A	*nyti : *nъjǫ ~ *nyjǫ	*navь
*mewH-	AP A	*myti : *mъjǫ ~ *myjǫ	*movь
*(H)rewH-	AP А	*ryti : *rъjǫ ~*ryjǫ	*rovъ
*krewH-	AP А	*kryti : *krъjǫ ~ *kryjǫ	*krovъ
*trewH-?	AP A	*tryti : *tryjǫ	*trěva/*trava
*ḱleh₂w-?	AP C	*slyti : *slyvǫ	*slava
*pleh₃w-	AP C	*plyti : *plyvǫ / *plynǫ	*plava
*syewh₁-	AP А	*šÿti : *šьjǫ / *šÿjǫ	*šьvъ?

Miscalleneous

C•C

Root	0-grade	e-grade	o-grade
R•R (3)	*mьněti, *pamętь	–	*mǫdrъ
R•T	–	*rekti, *legti, *vesti	*rokъ, *logъ, *vodъ
R•S	*rъsnǫti	–	*rosa
S•R	?	?	?
T•S	–	*česati	*kosa
S•T	–	*sěsti	*sadъ
T•T	–	*tekti, *bedro?	*tokъ, *bosti
(s)T•T	–	*čepъ/*ščepa, *tepti/*stepь	*kopati, *toporъ?

C•Hu (1)	?	*lava?	*lovъ

Quantitative

E-enlogation

Root	e-grade	ē-grade
R•T	*mesti, *legti, *vezti, *rekti	*mětati, *lěgati, *věža, *rěčь
TR•T	*klepati	*klěpati

O-enlogation

Root	o-grade	ō-grade
R•T	*mogǫ, *moča, *ročiti	*pomagati, *makati, *račiti?
S•T	*sokъ ~ *sočiti, *sopti	*sakati?, *sapъ
T•T	*bodъ ~ *bosti	*badъ
(s)T•T	*skokъ	*skačati

0-enlogation

Root	R̥-grade	R̄-grade
T•RS	*dъxъ, *kъxъ	*dyxati, *kyxati
S•RT	*sъpъ	*sypati
R•R	*umьrǫ	*umirati
R•T	*rьci, *mьčьtъ	*ricati, *mikati
T•R	*bьrati, *prostьrǫ	*(sъ-/orz-/na-/...)birati, *prostirati