User:IsomorphycSandbox/Sandbox/一

See also: ‐, – [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ー [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], 丨 [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], ㄧ [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], and 亠 [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]

Translingual

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Chinese

Alternative forms

• 1, 〡, ⼀, ㆒, ㈠, ㊀, 壱, 弌, 扠, 搋

Han character

一 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 1000₀)

1. Kangxi radical №1
2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №1

Descendants

• ㄧ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
• Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 1, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E00

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for ONE in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue groups, etc.).

In Min, an additional unrelated form is found and used as the colloquial reading for ONE. Compare:

Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ⁸, Fuqing θyo⁸, Gutian syøʔ⁸, Ningde søʔ⁸, Zhouning sɔʔ⁸, Putian ɬoʔ⁸, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚⁸, Leizhou/Haikou ziak⁸, Longyan tse⁴, Youxiu ɕie⁷, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi⁵, Jianyang tsi⁸, Jian'ou tsi⁵.

Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (shǔ) (cf. 獨／独 (dú, “single, alone”)), 隻／只 (zhī) (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃 (zhí).

Some Central Min dialects use 個／个 and 寡 (guǎ) for ONE.

Pronunciation

6 MB / 35 MB (template:zh-pron)

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): it⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yit
• Jin (Wiktionary): ieh⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh / ék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍t / it

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêg⁸ / ig⁴ / êg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷iq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yi
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

Note: Pronounced 幺 (yāo) when spelling phone number, one on dice or dominoes. Subject to retrograde tone sandhi.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jat¹
    • Yale: yāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: it⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /it̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit
    • Hakka Romanization System: id^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /it̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)id^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh / ék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suoʔ⁵/, /ɛiʔ²⁴/

Note:

• siŏh - colloquial;
• ék - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t / it
    • Tâi-lô: tsi̍t / it
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cit, id
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚²⁴/, /it̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚¹²¹/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/

Note:

• chi̍t - colloquial;
• it - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zêg⁸ / ig⁴ / êg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tse̍k / ik / ek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sek̚⁴/, /ik̚²/, /ek̚²/

Note:

• zêg8 - colloquial;
• ig4, êg4 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷iq
    • MiniDict: ih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴iq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: i⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 一
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/i⁴⁴/
	Tianjin
	Jinan	/i²¹³/
	Qingdao	/i⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/i²⁴/
	Xi'an	/i²¹/
	Xining	/i⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i¹³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/i²¹³/
	Chengdu	/i²¹/
	Guiyang	/i²¹/
	Kunming	/i⁴²/
	Nanjing	/iʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ieʔ⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ieʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/iəʔ³⁴/
Wu	Shanghai	/iɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/iɪʔ⁴/
	Hangzhou	/iɪʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/iai³²³/ 白 /i³²³/ 文
Hui	Shexian	/i³³/
	Tunxi	/iʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/i²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/i²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/it̚⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/it̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/iət̚⁵/
	Hong Kong	/iɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/it̚³²/ /tsit̚⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/eiʔ²³/ /suɔʔ⁴/ 俗
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/i²⁴/ /tsi⁴²/ 俗
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ik̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)

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• Middle Chinese: 'jit

Rime
Character	一
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於悉切
Baxter	'jit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔit̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qliɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	一
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjit ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔi[t]/
English	one
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	一
Reading #	1/1
No.	14833
Phonetic component	一
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	一
Old Chinese	/*qliɡ/

Definitions

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1. • 一長一短／一长一短  ―  yī cháng yī duǎn  ―  one short and one long

   • 給他們一人一隻蘋果。 [MSC, trad.]
     给他们一人一只苹果。 [MSC, simp.]

     Gěi tā men yī rén yī zhī píngguǒ. [Pinyin]

     Give them an apple each.

   • 獨自一人／独自一人  ―  dúzìyīrén  ―  solitary
   • 專一／专一  ―  zhuānyī  ―  single-minded, loyal

   • 他們在海灘上玩了一下午。 [MSC, trad.]
     他们在海滩上玩了一下午。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tāmen zài hǎitān shàng wán le yī xiàwǔ. [Pinyin]

     They played the whole afternoon on the beach.

   • 大小不一  ―  dàxiǎo bù yī  ―  having different sizes
   • 蟋蟀，一名促織／蟋蟀，一名促织  ―  xīshuài, yī míng cùzhī  ―  Crickets, also called cùzhī [lit. another name [being] cùzhī].
   1. • 看一看  ―  kàn yī kàn  ―  to have a look
      • 算一算  ―  suàn yī suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
   • 一到OP就卡  ―  yī dào OP jiù kǎ  ―  it slows down once I get to the opening

   • 我一開口，她就飛快的跑開了。 [MSC, trad.]
     我一开口，她就飞快的跑开了。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 伍佰, 火山

     Wǒ yī kāikǒu, tā jiù fēikuài de pǎokāi le. [Pinyin]

     As soon as I opened my mouth, she ran away at the speed of light.

   • 一見如故／一见如故  ―  yījiànrúgù  ―  to hit it off
   • 一至於此／一至于此  ―  yīzhìyúcǐ  ―  How did things ever get so far?

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Japanese

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Korean

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Vietnamese

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