餘

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See also: 余 and 馀
餘 U+9918, 餘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9918
← 餗
[U+9917] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 餙 →
[U+9919]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 餘
Shinjitai 余
Simplified 余/馀

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

餘 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+7, 15 strokes in Chinese, 16 strokes in Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 人戈人一木 (OIOMD), four-corner 88794, composition ⿰飠余(GHTV) or ⿰𩙿余(JK))

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1420, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44185
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1945, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4456, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9918

Chinese[edit]

trad. 餘
simp. 余*/馀
alternative forms 𠎳
𭭳

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 餘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • mainstream Taiwanese:
    • î - vernacular;
    • û - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 餘
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y²⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y⁵³/
Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /y¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦy²³/
Suzhou /ɦy¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³¹/
Hui Shexian /y⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /y⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /u³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /y⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
Rime
Character 餘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以諸切
Baxter yo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/iɔ/
Wang
Li 		/jĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 餘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*la/
English remains; surplus

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 餘
Reading # 1/1
No. 15800
Phonetic
component 		余
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		余
Old
Chinese 		/*la/

Definitions[edit]

餘

  1. to remain; to have left
  2. time after an event
    公餘／公余  ―  gōngyú  ―  spare time; free time (literally, “time outside work”)
    痛心之餘／痛心之余  ―  tòngxīn zhī yú  ―  when recovered from grief
  3. over; more than
    四十餘人／四十余人  ―  sìshí yú rén  ―  forty-odd people
  4. surplus; remainder; excess
    年年有餘／年年有余  ―  niánniányǒuyú  ―  to have a surplus year after year
  5. remaining; spare; surplus
    餘額／余额  ―  yú'é  ―  remaining sum; balance
    餘生／余生  ―  yúshēng  ―  remainder of one's life; one's remaining years
  6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (“I”)
  7. (obsolete) salt
  8. a surname: Yu
Usage notes[edit]

In simplified Chinese, 馀 is a non-standard form of 餘 only used as a surname or when it is desirable to distinguish 餘 from 余. 馀 was formerly official in 简化字总表 (1964); this character was removed in 通用规范汉字表 (2013).

In traditional Chinese, the surnames 餘 and 余 are distinct, with the latter being much more common among the population.

Synonyms[edit]
  • (to remain):
  • (over): (Hokkien, Teochew) 外

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

餘

  1. Only used in 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú).

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

余

Kyūjitai

餘

Kanji[edit]

餘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 余)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 余.
  2. (rare) be left over

Readings[edit]

  • On (unclassified): よ (yo)
  • Kun: あまる (amaru)

Usage notes[edit]

余 is the preferred form used in modern Japanese.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

餘 (eumhun 남을 여 (nameul yeo))

  1. Hanja form? of 여 (“remainder”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

餘: Hán Nôm readings: dư, thừa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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