城
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
城 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土戈竹尸 (GIHS), four-corner 43150, composition ⿰土成)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 229, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5086
- Dae Jaweon: page 465, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 438, character 7
- Unihan data for U+57CE
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
城 |
---|
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 城 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *djeŋ) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 成 (OC *djeŋ).
Etymology
Cognate with 成 (OC *djeŋ, “to complete”), 盛 (OC *djeŋ, “to hold with a receptacle”), 盛 (OC *djeŋs, “abundant; flourishing”), as 城 (OC *djeŋ, “city wall”) was made of filled-in or stamped earth (Schuessler, 2007). See 成 for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing4 / seng4 / seng4-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sàng
- Northern Min (KCR): sěng
- Eastern Min (BUC): siàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
- Wade–Giles: chʻêng2
- Yale: chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
- Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чын (čɨn, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sing4 / seng4 / seng4-2
- Yale: sìhng / sèhng / séng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing4 / seng4 / seng4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: xing4 / séng4 / séng4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ²¹/, /sɛːŋ²¹/, /sɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- sing4 - literary;
- seng4(-2) - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng
- Hakka Romanization System: sangˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sang2
- Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- siâⁿ - vernacular;
- sêng - literary.
- Middle Chinese: dzyeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ/
Definitions
- (historical) fort; castle
- defensive wall; fortification
- fortified settlement
- (by extension) any city or town
- municipality
- a surname
See also
- 村 (cūn)
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Descendants
Others:
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)←じやう (zyau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei)
- Kun: き (ki, 城); しろ (shiro, 城, Jōyō); ぐすく (gusuku, 城); しき (shiki, 城)
- Nanori: いく (iku); がき (gaki); き (ki); くに (kuni); ぐしく (gushiku); ぐすく (gusuku); しき (shiki); すく (suku); ぜい (zei); たち (tachi); なり (nari)
Compounds
- 破城槌 (hajōtsui): a battering ram
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
城 |
しろ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Derivation unknown. The shiro reading for this character appears in 794 when the 山背 (Yamashiro) region was renamed 山城[1], keeping the old reading and thus applying the shiro reading to the 城 kanji for the first time.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
Usage notes
The shiro reading may be used most often when this term appears as a standalone noun.
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
城 |
ぐすく Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Archaic Okinawan dialect term. The final ku may be cognate with mainland Japanese ki (see below).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (obsolete) castle
- 1531-1623: Omoro Sōshi
- 一 聞得大君ぎや 降れて 遊びよわれば 天が下 平らげて ちよわれ 又 鳴響む精高子が 又 首里杜ぐすく 真玉杜ぐすく
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 1531-1623: Omoro Sōshi
Usage notes
Not used in isolation in modern Japanese. This term remains as an element in various place names.
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
城 |
き Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
ki2: [kɨ] > [ki]
From Old Japanese [Term?]. Perhaps cognate with a now-defunct Korean term: the Samguk Sagi (1145) equates Baekje 悦城 as 悦己 and 潔城 as 結己, indicating that the word 城 "castle" was read as 己 (*ki).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (archaic) a structure surrounded by a moat or walls: a fortress, castle
-
- 天皇乃 等保能朝[廷]等 之良奴日 筑紫國波 安多麻毛流 於佐倍乃城曽等 聞食 四方國尓波 比等佐波尓 美知弖波安礼杼 登利我奈久 安豆麻乎能故波 伊田牟可比 加敝里見世受弖 伊佐美多流 多家吉軍卒等 祢疑多麻比 麻氣乃麻尓々々 多良知祢乃 波々我目可礼弖 若草能 都麻乎母麻可受 安良多麻能 月日餘美都々 安之我知流 難波能美津尓 大船尓 末加伊之自奴伎 安佐奈藝尓 可故等登能倍 由布思保尓 可知比伎乎里 安騰母比弖 許藝由久伎美波 奈美乃間乎 伊由伎佐具久美 麻佐吉久母 波夜久伊多里弖 大王乃 美許等能麻尓末 麻須良男乃 許己呂乎母知弖 安里米具[理] 事之乎波良[婆] 都々麻波受 可敝理伎麻勢登 伊波比倍乎 等許敝尓須恵弖 之路多倍能 蘇田遠利加敝之 奴婆多麻乃 久路加美之伎弖 奈我伎氣遠 麻知可母戀牟 波之伎都麻良波
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 787-824: Nihon Ryōiki (preface, page 201)
- 原夫内経外書 伝於日本 而興始代 凡有二時 皆自百済国将禮來之 軽嶋豊明宮御宇誉田天皇代 外書來之 礒城訓紀嶋金刺宮御宇鉄明天皇代 内典來也 [...]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
-
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
城 |
しき Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 石 (shi, “stone”) + 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Alternative forms
- 磯城 (shikishima)
Noun
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
城 |
じょう Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
/zjau/ → */ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 城 (dzyeng). Compare modern Min Nan 城 (siâⁿ).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
See also
- 宮 (miya): palace
- 殿 (tono): palace, hall
- 宮殿 (kyūden): palace
- 城郭 (jōkaku): castle
- 砦 (toride): fortress
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Lua error in Module:quote at line 884: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
- Izumoji, Osamu (1996) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 30: Nihon Ryōiki (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
Korean
Hanja
城 (eum 성 (seong))
- defensive wall, rampart, e.g., The Great Wall of China
- fort, castle, citadel
- capital, city, town, borough, fortified settlement
- statehood
- to wall, castellate
Synonyms
Meronyms
Compounds
Usage notes
- This ideogram may well imply fortification in itself whereas the city as one of its translations may not, hence maybe not worth a good one. This may be where the town should make sense of it instead, though it may be as improper as cognate to down, dune, etc.
Vietnamese
Han character
城: Hán Nôm readings: thành, nhật
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- Character boxes with images
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- Chinese surnames
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Administrative divisions
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 6 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading き
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しろ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ぐすく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading がき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading き
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading くに
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぐしく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぐすく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading すく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぜい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なり
- Japanese terms spelled with 城 read as しろ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 城
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 城 read as ぐすく
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 城 read as き
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 城 read as しき
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 城 read as じょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters