放

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

放 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人大 (YSOK), four-corner 0824₀, composition ⿰方攵)

Derived characters

• 敖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13133
• Dae Jaweon: page 818, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1451, character 11
• Unihan data for U+653E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		放

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	*paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	*paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	*paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	*paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫	*paːŋs, *paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	*pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	*pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷	*baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽	*baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房	*baːŋ, *baŋ
篣	*baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯	*baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	*baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	*paŋ, *baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	*paŋ, *baŋ
邡	*paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	*paŋ, *baŋ
鴋	*paŋ, *baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	*paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	*pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	*baŋ, *baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paŋʔ, *paŋs) : phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ) + semantic 攵 (“hand, action”) – an action, release.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fàng (fang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): piong
• Eastern Min (BUC): huóng / buóng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hòng / pàng / hàng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang³ / bang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵faon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fàng
    • Wade–Giles: fang⁴
    • Yale: fàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanq
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong³
    • Yale: fong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piong
    • Hakka Romanization System: biong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: biong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huóng / buóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɔŋ²¹³/, /puɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng
    • Tâi-lô: hòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng
    • Tâi-lô: pàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: paxng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàng
    • Tâi-lô: hàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /haŋ²¹/

Note:

• hòng - literary;
• pàng/hàng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: huang³ / bang³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huàng / pàng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ²¹³/, /paŋ²¹³/

Note:

• huang3 - literary;
• bang3 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵faon
    • MiniDict: faon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²faan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 放
Mandarin	Beijing	/fɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/faŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/fɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/faŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/faŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/faŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/faŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/fɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/fɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/fɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/faŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/faŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/faŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/fã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/faŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/fɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xuɑŋ³⁵/ /xuə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/fɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/fɑ̃³⁵/
	Suzhou	/fɑ̃⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/fɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/huɔ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/fo³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/fau⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/fan⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/hɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/foŋ⁵³/ 開～ /pioŋ⁵³/ ～學
	Taoyuan	/foŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɔŋ³³/
	Nanning	/fɔŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/fɔŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔŋ²¹/ /paŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pouŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pɔŋ³³/ /xuɔŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huaŋ²¹³/ /paŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/faŋ³⁵/ /ʔbaŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: pjangH

Rime
Character	放
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	甫妄切
Baxter	pjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋH/
Li Rong	/piuaŋH/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/piwaŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	放
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fàng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*paŋ-s/
English	release; let go
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	放
Reading #	2/2
No.	3038
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	放
Old Chinese	/*paŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 放

1. to release; to free; to liberate; to let out; to let go

   放鞭炮  ―  fàng biānpào  ―  to set off firecrackers

2. to place something (down somewhere)
3. to put on; to play (a recording)

   放音樂／放音乐  ―  fàng yīnyuè  ―  to play music

4. to tend to animals
   • 1949, 劉廷雙, quotee, “文盲農民的成績”, in (deprecated template usage) 林漢達, editor, 新文字手冊 (Sin Wenz Shouce), 1st edition, 中華書局出版 (Zhonghua Shugy Chuban), page 29:

     我(Wo)從(cung)八歲(ba-suei)到(dao)十一(sh-i)歲(suei)，在(zai)堡(Pu)石(Sh)圖(Tu)張(Zhang)洪貴(Hung-guei)家(gia)放(Fang) ((fang))豬(Zhu) ((zhu))，二(r)年(nian)。十一(Sh-i)歲(suei)到(dao)十三(sh-san)歲(suei)，在(zai)茂林(Maolin)東(dung)孟移屯(Mengjituen)劉(Liu)長春(Chang-Chuen)家(gia)放(fang)馬(ma)。

     我從八歲到十一歲，在堡石圖張洪貴家放豬，二年。十一歲到十三歲，在茂林東孟移屯劉長春家放馬。 [Northeastern Mandarin, trad.]
     我从八岁到十一岁，在堡石图张洪贵家放猪，二年。十一岁到十三岁，在茂林东孟移屯刘长春家放马。 [Northeastern Mandarin, simp.]

     Wǒ cóng bāsuì dào shíyīsuì, zài Pùshítú Zhāng Hóngguì jiā fàngzhū, èrnián. Shíyīsuì dào shísānsuì, zài Màolín dōng Mèngyítún Liú Chángchūn jiā fàngmǎ. [Pinyin]

     From eight years of age to eleven years of age, I served as a swineherd for Zhang Honggui at Pushitu for two years. From eleven years of age to thirteen years of age, I served as a groom for Liu Changchun at East Mengyitun, Maolin.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǎng (fang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
    • Wade–Giles: fang³
    • Yale: fǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
    • Palladius: фан (fan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fong²
    • Yale: fóng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: pjangX

Rime
Character	放
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	分网切
Baxter	pjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋX/
Li Rong	/piuaŋX/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/piwaŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	放
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*paŋʔ/
English	imitate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	放
Reading #	1/2
No.	3036
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昉
Old Chinese	/*paŋʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 放

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 仿 (fǎng, “to imitate; to resemble”).
2. to base on
3. to reach
4. a surname

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 放 – see 方 (“parallel; side by side; parallel boats; raft made of bamboo; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 方).

(deprecated template usage)

References

• “放”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

放

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. set free
2. release
3. fire
4. shoot
5. emit
6. banish
7. liberate

Readings

• Go-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)
• Kun: はなす (hanasu, 放す, Jōyō); はなつ (hanatsu, 放つ, Jōyō); はなれる (hanareru, 放れる, Jōyō); ほうる (hōru, 放る, Jōyō); ゆるす (yurusu, 放す)

Compounds

Compounds

• 放棄(ほうき) (hōki): abandonment, giving up; renunciation
• 放送(ほうそう) (hōsō): broadcast
• 放射能(ほうしゃのう) (hōshanō): radioactivity

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Korean

Hanja

放 • (bang) (hangeul 방)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 放 (phóng, phúng, phưng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.