矜

Translingual

Han character

矜 (Kangxi radical 110, 矛+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹人戈弓 (NHOIN), four-corner 1822₇, composition ⿰矛今)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 822, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23852
• Dae Jaweon: page 1233, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2764, character 6
• Unihan data for U+77DC

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn).

Etymology 1

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / khim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng¹ / gêng¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jin
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹
    • Yale: jīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ging¹
    • Yale: gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng / khim
    • Tâi-lô: king / khim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng, qym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/, /kʰim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng¹ / gêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng / keng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ³³/, /keŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: king

Rime
Character	矜
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居陵切
Baxter	king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-riŋ/, /*k-riŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ king ›	‹ king ›
Old Chinese	/*k-riŋ/ (dialect: *k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing)	/*k-riŋ/
English	pity (v.)	boastful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矜
Reading #	3/3
No.	6631
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	兢
Old Chinese	/*kɯŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 矜

1. to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for

Etymology 2

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜
alternative forms		𥎊

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: gin, gj+n

Rime
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨巾切	巨斤切
Baxter	gin	gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪn/	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚin/	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡien/	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin/	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕn/	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn/	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn/	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan4	kan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡriŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯn/, /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矜
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gin ›
Old Chinese	/*ɡriŋ/
English	kind of lance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	6629	6630
Phonetic component	今	今
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𥎊	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯn/	/*ɡɯn/
Notes	𥎊下注古體	𥎊下注古體

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 矜

1. ^† handle of a spear

Etymology 3

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guān (guan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹
    • Yale: gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 矜

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”).
2. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”).

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Japanese

Kanji

矜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. pride
2. respect

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō); けん (ken); ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan); きょう (kyō); きん (kin)
• Kan’yō-on: きん (kin)
• Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 矜れむ); つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 矜む); ほこる (hokoru, 矜る)

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Korean

Hanja

矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)

1. pity
2. feel sorry for
3. show sympathy for