知識

See also: 知识

Chinese

		to know; to be aware	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (知識)		知	識
simp. (知识)		知	识
alternative forms		知䛊／知识 obsolete

Pronunciation 1

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 知識

1. knowledge

   學習知識／学习知识  ―  xuéxí zhīshí  ―  to acquire knowledge

   更新知識／更新知识  ―  gēngxīn zhīshí  ―  to renew one's knowledge

   知識淵博／知识渊博  ―  zhīshi yuānbó  ―  to be knowledgeable

   知識結構／知识结构  ―  zhīshí jiégòu  ―  knowledge structure

   圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
   图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]

   Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]

   Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

2. intellect; intelligence
3. (literary) acquaintance; friend

Synonyms

• (knowledge):

(deprecated template usage)

• 學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
• 心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
• 聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
• 見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識／见识 (jiànshí)
• 認識／认识
• 識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

 

• (intellect): 智力 (zhìlì)
• (acquaintance):

(deprecated template usage)

• 半熟臉兒／半熟脸儿 (bànshóuliǎnr) (colloquial)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 熟人 (shúrén)
• 熟人子 (shou⁶ ren² zr) (Xiang)
• 熟似人 (Hokkien)
• 相識／相识 (xiāngshí)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知識):

• → Japanese: 知識(ちしき) (chishiki)
• → Korean: 지식(知識) (jisik)
• → Vietnamese: tri thức (知識)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhīshí, zhīshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄕˊ, ㄓ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih²
    • Yale: jr̄-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyr
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
    • Yale: jr̄-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 知事 知識／知识 芝士

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹
    • Yale: jī sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 姿色 知悉 知識／知识

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• Middle Chinese: trje syik

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trje	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1	sik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre  s-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e  tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Verb

知識

1. (literary) to know; to be familiar with

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
• 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白
• 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (mainland China)
• 清楚
• 熟似 (Hokkien)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
• 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知道
• 覺／觉
• 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 認識／认识
• 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
• 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

 

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
知	識
ち Grade: 2	しき Grade: 5
on'yomi

Noun

知(ち)識(しき) • (chishiki) 

1. knowledge

   知識(ちしき)を得(え)る

   chishiki o eru

   to acquire knowledge

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Korean

Hanja in this term
知	識

Noun

知識 • (jisik) (hangeul 지식)

1. Hanja form^? of 지식 (“knowledge”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
知	識

Noun

知識

1. chữ Hán form of tri thức (“knowledge”).