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Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 169, +4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木 (AND), four-corner 77904, composition )

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41247
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4287, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9591

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡreːn) : (door) + (wood).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“not busy; idle; vacant; unoccupied; unused; etc.”).
(This character is a variant traditional form of ).

Etymology 2

trad.
simp. *

Related to (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing; balustrade”), (OC *ɡ·raːn, “fence; railing”) and (OC *ɡ·raːn, “to obstruct”), and perhaps related to (OC *ɡ·reːns, “to train”) (Schuessler, 2007). External comparanda may include Burmese ရန်း (ran:, to erect railings, barriers) or Mizo khâr (to shut; to close; to shut off) (ibid.).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɣæn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 4/4 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛn › ‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/ /*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English bar, barrier well-trained

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. fence; bar; railings
  2. stable (building for horses)
  3. rule; law; limit; norm
  4. to restrict; to restrain
  5. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of (xián, “to be familiar; to be skilled; to be practised”).
  6. to block; to guard against
  7. 4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

Probably cognate with (OC *kreːds, “to increase; to become great”) and perhaps derived from (OC *kraːʔ, “large; great”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɣæn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English great; large-minded

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. large; great

(deprecated template usage)


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC hean).

Pronunciation

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Affix

(かん) (kan

  1. tranquil; calm; quiet
  2. free time; leisure
  3. unimportant; useless

Noun

(かん) (kan

  1. free time; leisure

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ひま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
ひまS
[adjective] free; leisure; idle; vacant
[noun] time, free time
[noun] leisure
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
のど
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Pronunciation

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Adjective

(のど) (nodo-na (adnominal (のど) (nodo na), adverbial (のど) (nodo ni))

  1. (archaic) tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
Inflection

References



Korean

Hanja

(han) (hangeul , revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) (nhàn, hèn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.