-ed

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ed"

English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).

Suffix

-ed

  1. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
    pointed (as in He pointed at the dog.)

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.

Suffix

-ed

  1. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
    pointed (as in He has pointed at the dog.)

Etymology 3

From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Compare also Latin -ātus.

Suffix

-ed

  2. Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
    pointed (as in A needle has a pointed end. - the end of a needle has a point.)
    horned (as in a horned antelope - an antelope possessing horns)
    Antonym: -less
  3. As an extension of the above, when used along with an adjective preceding the noun, describes something that has an object of a particular quality.
    red-haired (having red hair)
    left-handed (having a left hand as more dexterous hand)
Derived terms
English terms suffixed with -ed
Translations

See also

Anagrams

Breton

Etymology

Cognate to Cornish -es.

Suffix

-ed

  1. Suffix denoting plural of certain nouns
    ‎kazhez (“female cat”) + ‎-ed → ‎kazhezed (“female cats”)

Derived terms

Breton terms suffixed with -ed

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (possessive suffix)

Suffix

-ed

  1. (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
    kert (“garden”) → a kerted (“your (singular, informal) garden”)
Usage notes
  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Etymology 2

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (personal suffix)

Suffix

-ed

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, definite conjugation).
    fest (“to paint”) → fested (“you paint something, you are painting something”)
Usage notes
  • (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.
    Present tense definite – personal endings
Person Back vowel Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -od -ed -öd
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular or
formal 2nd person singular 		-ja -i
mi 1st person plural -juk -jük
ti 2nd person plural -játok -itek
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural or
formal 2nd person plural 		-ják -ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Etymology 3

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (fraction and frequentative suffix)

Suffix

-ed

  1. (fraction suffix) Added to an cardinal number to form a fraction.
    ezer (“thousand”) → ezred (“thousandth”)
  2. (frequentative suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
    mond (“to say”)
Usage notes
  • (fraction suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel
    -ad is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to some other back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
  • (frequentative suffix) Variants:
    -ad is added to back vowel words
    -ed is added to front vowel words
Derived terms
Category Hungarian numerals suffixed with -ed not found

See also

Ido

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French -ée, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Italian -ata, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Spanish -ada, ultimately from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin -atus.

Suffix

-ed

  1. contents of, -ful.
    ‎manuo (“hand”) + ‎-ed → ‎manuedo (“handful”)

Derived terms

Category Ido terms suffixed with -ed not found

Middle English

Suffix

-ed

  1. Alternative form of -hede

References

Old English

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ed

  1. formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of
    ‎æppel (“apple”) + ‎-ed → ‎æppled (“apple-shaped”)

Old Irish

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ed

  1. slender form of -ad

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *-hed, from Proto-Celtic *-isetos.

Suffix

-ed

  1. Forms an equative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
Usage notes

Causes final b, d and g to become p, t and c, respectively. For instance, teg becomes teced.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ed

  1. Used to form the ordinal forms of five and six.
Coordinate terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ed

  1. Used to form verbal nouns.

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -ed
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