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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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{{der3|lang=ko |
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| {{ko-l|가없다|to be [[bound]]less, [[limit]]less}} |
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* {{ko-l|강가||riverside|江}} |
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| {{ko-l|강가|riverside|江—}} |
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| {{ko-l|길가|roadside}} |
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| {{ko-l|난로가|fireside|煖爐—}} |
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| {{ko-l|물가|shore}} |
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| {{ko-l|바닷가|seaside}} |
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| {{ko-l|입가|lips}} |
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}} |
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=====Related terms===== |
=====Related terms===== |
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* {{ko-l|가죽 |
* {{ko-l|가죽|[[hide]], [[skin]], [[leather]]}} |
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* {{ko-l|거죽 |
* {{ko-l|거죽|[[outside]], [[exterior]], [[surface]]}} |
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* {{ko-l|겉 |
* {{ko-l|겉|[[outside]], [[exterior]], [[surface]]}} |
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===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
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{{unk|ko}}. It was not attested in texts from the 15<sup>th</sup> century, and its first attestation has been variously placed at 1572 {{CE}}<ref>洪允杓, 主格語尾 「-가」에 대하여, 國語學 제3집, 1975.12, 65-91.</ref> or mid-17<sup>th</sup> century<ref>고광모, 주격조사 ‘-가’의 발달, 사단법인 한국언어학회 2013년 겨울학술대회 발표논문집, 2013.12, 69-78.</ref>. It was initially a subject particle, of limited distribution and used in a complementary manner to {{ko-l|—이}}. The development of its usage is as follows:<ref>홍윤표, 近代國語硏究(Ⅰ), 태학사, 1994, pp. 412-413.</ref> |
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Uncertain. Some sources claim that it is probably from the {{etyl|ja|ko}} nominative particle {{m|ja|が|tr=ga}}<ref>김철호, [http://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/kdd/GisaView.jsp?menuCd=2004&menuSeq=48&menuCnt=30915&writeDate=20091023&kindSeq=1&writeDateChk=20090828 주격조사 ‘이’와 ‘가’], 2009.</ref>, but not widely accepted because it is first attested in 1572, twenty years earlier than the Japanese invasion of Korea began in 1592. |
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# Since the mid-17th century: used after nouns ending in ''-i'' or ''-y'', |
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#: e.g. ''pwuli-'''ka''''' ("mouth"), ''nay-'''ka''''' ("scent"), ''poy-'''ka''''' ("boat"); |
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# Since the mid-18th century: used after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than ''-i'', |
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#: e.g. ''ca-'''ka''''' ("one who"), ''soyngswo-'''ka''''', ''nwongso-'''ka''''' ("farm work"); |
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# During the end of the 18th century: used briefly in the form of double particle ''-i/yka'' after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than ''-i'', |
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#: e.g. ''to-'''yka''''' ("road"), ''inkwu-'''yka''''' ("population"), ''nwongso-'''yka''''' ("farm work"). |
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Various theories exist regarding its origin: |
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# Developed from the interrogative particle {{ko-l|—가}};<ref>이숭녕, 주격(主格) '가'의 발달(發達)과 그 해석(解釋), 국어국문학 제19권, 1958.6, 53-57.</ref> |
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# Developed from the vocative case particle {{ko-l|—하}}/{{ko-l|—아}};<ref>辛兌鉉, 鷄林類事·華夷譯語의 朝鮮 古語 續考, 한글, 1941.3, 9-2(통권84), pp. 1-2.</ref> |
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# Developed from the connective ending {{ko-l|—다가}};<ref>Ramstedt, G.J., ''Studies in Korean Etymology'', 1949, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.</ref> |
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# Borrowed from the {{bor|ko|ja|notext=1|-}} nominative particle {{m|ja|が|tr=ga}}.<ref>鄭光, 主格 ‘가’의 發達에 대하여: 近代國語資料의 解釋을 中心으로, 우리문화, |
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2.</ref> |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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Revision as of 09:57, 18 October 2017
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Korean
Etymology 1
| 가각갂갃간갅갆 갇갈갉갊갋갌갍 갎갏감갑값갓갔 강갖갗갘같갚갛 | |
| → 개 | |
|---|---|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | ka |
Symbol
(deprecated template usage) 가 • (ga)
- (deprecated template usage) A Hangul syllabic block made up of ㄱ and ㅏ. The first syllable of the hangul writing system. Often used to mark the first item of a list or sub-list.
Etymology 2
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆺ (Yale: kos).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | kā |
Noun
가 • (ga)
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (bound, edge, end): 속 (sok, “inside, interior”), 안 (an, “inside, interior”), 알맹이 (almaeng'i, “core”)
Derived terms
(deprecated use of|lang= parameter)
Related terms
- 가죽 (gajuk, “hide, skin, leather”)
- 거죽 (geojuk, “outside, exterior, surface”)
- 겉 (geot, “outside, exterior, surface”)
Etymology 3
Unknown. It was not attested in texts from the 15th century, and its first attestation has been variously placed at 1572 CE[1] or mid-17th century[2]. It was initially a subject particle, of limited distribution and used in a complementary manner to —이 (-i). The development of its usage is as follows:[3]
- Since the mid-17th century: used after nouns ending in -i or -y,
- e.g. pwuli-ka ("mouth"), nay-ka ("scent"), poy-ka ("boat");
- Since the mid-18th century: used after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
- e.g. ca-ka ("one who"), soyngswo-ka, nwongso-ka ("farm work");
- During the end of the 18th century: used briefly in the form of double particle -i/yka after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
- e.g. to-yka ("road"), inkwu-yka ("population"), nwongso-yka ("farm work").
Various theories exist regarding its origin:
- Developed from the interrogative particle —가 (-ga);[4]
- Developed from the vocative case particle —하 (-ha)/—아 (-a);[5]
- Developed from the connective ending —다가 (-daga);[6]
- Borrowed from the Lua error: Parameter "notext" is not used by this template. nominative particle が (ga).[7]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | ka |
Particle
가 • (ga)
- Indicates the subject of a sentence.
- Indicates the subjective complement of a sentence, usually used with 되다 (doeda, “become”) or 아니다 (anida, “be not”).
Usage notes
- 가 (ga) indicates the subject of the verb in the sentence, as opposed to the object, which *를 (reul) indicates. See also 는 (neun), which indicates the topic of the sentence.
- 가 (ga) is used only after words ending with a vowel. After words ending with a consonant, 이 (i) is used instead.
Synonyms
- 이 (i)
See also
Etymology 4
Korean reading of various Chinese characters
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | ka |
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | kā |
Noun
가 • (ga)
Suffix
—가 • (-ga)
- (街): street
- 종로3가
- Jongno 3(sam)-ga
- "The 3rd Jongno Street"
- 종로3가
Syllable
가 • (ga)
- 仮: lie
- 伽: temple
- 佳: beautiful
- 假: lie
- 傢: furniture
- 價: price
- 加:
- 可:
- 呵:
- 咖:
- 哥:
- 哿:
- 嘉:
- 坷:
- 嫁:
- 宊:
- 家:
- 苛:
- 茄:
- 葭:
- 斝:
- 暇:
- 架:
- 枷:
- 柯:
- 榎:
- 檟:
- 歌:
- 珂:
- 珈:
- 迦:
- 痂:
- 稼:
- 笳:
- 耞:
- 舸:
- 街: street
- 袈:
- 訶:
- 謌:
- 賈:
- 跏:
- 軻:
- 駕:
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Infinitive of 가다 (gada, “to go”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ga |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ga |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ka |
| Yale Romanization? | ka |
Verb
- connective form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): because of going, upon going.
- informal form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): go (indicative/interrogative/imperative), let's go
Synonyms
Etymology 6
Noun
가 • (ga)
- la (musical note)
References
- ^ 洪允杓, 主格語尾 「-가」에 대하여, 國語學 제3집, 1975.12, 65-91.
- ^ 고광모, 주격조사 ‘-가’의 발달, 사단법인 한국언어학회 2013년 겨울학술대회 발표논문집, 2013.12, 69-78.
- ^ 홍윤표, 近代國語硏究(Ⅰ), 태학사, 1994, pp. 412-413.
- ^ 이숭녕, 주격(主格) '가'의 발달(發達)과 그 해석(解釋), 국어국문학 제19권, 1958.6, 53-57.
- ^ 辛兌鉉, 鷄林類事·華夷譯語의 朝鮮 古語 續考, 한글, 1941.3, 9-2(통권84), pp. 1-2.
- ^ Ramstedt, G.J., Studies in Korean Etymology, 1949, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
- ^ 鄭光, 主格 ‘가’의 發達에 대하여: 近代國語資料의 解釋을 中心으로, 우리문화, 2.
Categories:
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