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===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
{{wikipedia|Japanese_particles#ze|ze (Japanese particle)}}
{{wikipedia|Japanese_particles#ze|ze (Japanese particle)}}

Appears in the [[w:Edo period|Edo Period]] as alteration from older ''zoe'', itself likely {{rendaku|ぜ}} applied to the stem ''soe'' of verb {{l|ja|添える}}, {{m|ja|副える|tr=soeru||to add or attach to something else}}. See also {{m|ja|そえに|tr=soe ni||what's more, furthermore, in addition}}, {{m|ja|さえ|tr=sae||also}}.
{{IPAchar|/zo e/}} → {{IPAchar|/zoe/}} → {{IPAchar|/zeː/}} → {{IPAchar|/ze/}}

Shift via [[monophthongization]] of older {{ja-r|ぞえ}}, in turn from sentence-ending [[emphatic]] particle {{ja-r|ぞ}} + tone-softening and [[affectionate]] particle {{ja-r|え}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref>

First dated to 1771.<ref name="KDJ"/> Usage became established in the {{w|Edo}} area, then spread to the {{w|Kansai}} region in the late 1700s.<ref name="KDJ"/>

With the [[affectionate]] overtones of particle {{ja-r|え}}, the sense was originally somewhat less [[emphatic]] and [[gruff]] than using just {{ja-r|ぞ}}. However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more emphatic and gruff than {{ja-r|ぞ}}, and usage is restricted to informal [[masculine]] speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/>


====Particle====
====Particle====
{{ja-pos|particle}}
{{ja-pos|particle}}


# {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech}} sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]]
# {{defdate|1771–???}} {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech|dated}} {{n-g|sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]], used to [[lightly]] [[press]] one's point, with [[affectionate]] overtones}}
# {{defdate|from ???}} {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech}} {{n-g|sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]], used to [[press]] one's point, often with [[aggressive]] overtones}}


=====Usage notes=====
=====Usage notes=====
Similar to {{m|ja|ぞ|tr=zo}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is mostly used by males. Unlike {{l|ja|ぞ}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is never considered polite, and is considered somewhat more forceful and rougher or informal than {{l|ja|ぞ}}.
* Similar to {{ja-r|ぞ}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is mostly used by males. Unlike {{l|ja|ぞ}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is never considered polite, and is considered somewhat more forceful and informal than {{ja-r|ぞ}}.
* When used with polite-register forms like {{ja-r|です}} and the {{ja-r|ます}} verb ending, this may imply [[sarcasm]], [[contempt]], or [[threat]].<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/>


===Etymology 3===
===Etymology 3===
Reading of various kanji.
Reading of various kanji.
⚫
{{ja-see|是|前}}


====Noun====
===References===
<references/>
{{ja-noun}}

# {{ja-def|是}} [[approval]], [[agreement]]

====Suffix====
⚫
{{ja-pos|suffix}}

# {{ja-def|前}} {{lb|ja|honorific}} suffix attached to certain nouns referring to people

Revision as of 17:27, 10 December 2020

See also: せ, せ゚, ㄝ, and 也

ぜ U+305C, &#12380;
HIRAGANA LETTER ZE
Composition:せ [U+305B] + ◌゙ [U+3099]
← せ
[U+305B] 		Hiragana そ →
[U+305D]

Japanese

Stroke order
5 strokes

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

The hiragana character せ (se) with a dakuten (゛).

Syllable

ぜ (romaji ze)

  1. The hiragana syllable ぜ (ze). Its equivalent in katakana is ゼ (ze).
See also

Etymology 2

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

/zo e/ → /zoe/ → /zeː/ → /ze/

Shift via monophthongization of older ぞえ (zoe), in turn from sentence-ending emphatic particle ぞ (zo) + tone-softening and affectionate particle え (e).[1][2][3]

First dated to 1771.[1] Usage became established in the Edo area, then spread to the Kansai region in the late 1700s.[1]

With the affectionate overtones of particle え (e), the sense was originally somewhat less emphatic and gruff than using just ぞ (zo). However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more emphatic and gruff than ぞ (zo), and usage is restricted to informal masculine speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.[1][2]

Particle

ぜ • (ze) 

  1. [1771–???] (colloquial, men's speech, dated) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to lightly press one's point, with affectionate overtones
  2. [from ???] (colloquial, men's speech) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to press one's point, often with aggressive overtones
Usage notes
  • Similar to ぞ (zo), ぜ is mostly used by males. Unlike ぞ, ぜ is never considered polite, and is considered somewhat more forceful and informal than ぞ (zo).
  • When used with polite-register forms like です (desu) and the ます (masu) verb ending, this may imply sarcasm, contempt, or threat.[1][2]

Etymology 3

Reading of various kanji.

For pronunciation and definitions of ぜ – see the following entries.
【是】S
[noun] right, justice
【前】2
[suffix] (rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person
(This term, ぜ, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as ぜ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ぜ.)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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