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===Etymology 2=== |
===Etymology 2=== |
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{{wikipedia|Japanese_particles#ze|ze (Japanese particle)}} |
{{wikipedia|Japanese_particles#ze|ze (Japanese particle)}} |
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Appears in the [[w:Edo period|Edo Period]] as alteration from older ''zoe'', itself likely {{rendaku|ぜ}} applied to the stem ''soe'' of verb {{l|ja|添える}}, {{m|ja|副える|tr=soeru||to add or attach to something else}}. See also {{m|ja|そえに|tr=soe ni||what's more, furthermore, in addition}}, {{m|ja|さえ|tr=sae||also}}. |
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{{IPAchar|/zo e/}} → {{IPAchar|/zoe/}} → {{IPAchar|/zeː/}} → {{IPAchar|/ze/}} |
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Shift via [[monophthongization]] of older {{ja-r|ぞえ}}, in turn from sentence-ending [[emphatic]] particle {{ja-r|ぞ}} + tone-softening and [[affectionate]] particle {{ja-r|え}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> |
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First dated to 1771.<ref name="KDJ"/> Usage became established in the {{w|Edo}} area, then spread to the {{w|Kansai}} region in the late 1700s.<ref name="KDJ"/> |
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With the [[affectionate]] overtones of particle {{ja-r|え}}, the sense was originally somewhat less [[emphatic]] and [[gruff]] than using just {{ja-r|ぞ}}. However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more emphatic and gruff than {{ja-r|ぞ}}, and usage is restricted to informal [[masculine]] speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> |
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====Particle==== |
====Particle==== |
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{{ja-pos|particle}} |
{{ja-pos|particle}} |
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# {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech}} sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]] |
# {{defdate|1771–???}} {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech|dated}} {{n-g|sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]], used to [[lightly]] [[press]] one's point, with [[affectionate]] overtones}} |
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# {{defdate|from ???}} {{lb|ja|colloquial|men's speech}} {{n-g|sentence-ending particle signifying [[emphasis]], used to [[press]] one's point, often with [[aggressive]] overtones}} |
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=====Usage notes===== |
=====Usage notes===== |
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Similar to {{ |
* Similar to {{ja-r|ぞ}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is mostly used by males. Unlike {{l|ja|ぞ}}, {{lang|ja|ぜ}} is never considered polite, and is considered somewhat more forceful and informal than {{ja-r|ぞ}}. |
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* When used with polite-register forms like {{ja-r|です}} and the {{ja-r|ます}} verb ending, this may imply [[sarcasm]], [[contempt]], or [[threat]].<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> |
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===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
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Reading of various kanji. |
Reading of various kanji. |
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⚫ | |||
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===References=== |
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<references/> |
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{{ja-noun}} |
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# {{ja-def|是}} [[approval]], [[agreement]] |
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====Suffix==== |
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⚫ | |||
# {{ja-def|前}} {{lb|ja|honorific}} suffix attached to certain nouns referring to people |
Revision as of 17:27, 10 December 2020
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Japanese
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Pronunciation
Etymology 1
The hiragana character せ (se) with a dakuten (゛).
Syllable
ぜ (romaji ze)
See also
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etymology 2
/zo e/ → /zoe/ → /zeː/ → /ze/
Shift via monophthongization of older ぞえ (zoe), in turn from sentence-ending emphatic particle ぞ (zo) + tone-softening and affectionate particle え (e).[1][2][3]
First dated to 1771.[1] Usage became established in the Edo area, then spread to the Kansai region in the late 1700s.[1]
With the affectionate overtones of particle え (e), the sense was originally somewhat less emphatic and gruff than using just ぞ (zo). However, in modern usage, this is now generally considered more emphatic and gruff than ぞ (zo), and usage is restricted to informal masculine speech, either between members of the same group and status, or by a social superior to an inferior.[1][2]
Particle
- [1771–???] (colloquial, men's speech, dated) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to lightly press one's point, with affectionate overtones
- [from ???] (colloquial, men's speech) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis, used to press one's point, often with aggressive overtones
Usage notes
- Similar to ぞ (zo), ぜ is mostly used by males. Unlike ぞ, ぜ is never considered polite, and is considered somewhat more forceful and informal than ぞ (zo).
- When used with polite-register forms like です (desu) and the ます (masu) verb ending, this may imply sarcasm, contempt, or threat.[1][2]
Etymology 3
Reading of various kanji.
For pronunciation and definitions of ぜ – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, ぜ (ze), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as ぜ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ぜ.) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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