肩
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Translingual
Japanese | 肩 |
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Simplified | 肩 |
Traditional | 肩 |
Alternative forms
The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.
- Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
- Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 月 + 户.
- Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 月 + 戸.
Han character
肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38895
- Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
- Unihan data for U+80A9
Chinese
trad. | 肩 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 肩 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 肩 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Transcribed ancient scripts File:ACC-L31946.svg L31946 File:ACC-L31947.svg L31947 File:ACC-L06839.svg L06839 File:ACC-L06840.svg L06840 | |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Etymology
Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gin1
- Gan (Wiktionary): jien1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên / kiân
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ji
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gin1
- Yale: gīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin1
- Guangdong Romanization: gin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /kɛŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Tong'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvay
- IPA (Tong'an): /kãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
- Tâi-lô: kan
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
- kian - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goin1 / gain1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/
- goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.
- Middle Chinese: ken
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*keːn/
Definitions
- shoulders
- 歷史已經證明:中國資產階級是不能盡此責任的,這個責任就不得不落在無產階級的肩上了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Lìshǐ yǐjīng zhèngmíng: Zhōngguó zīchǎnjiējí shì bùnéng jìn cǐ zérèn de, zhège zérèn jiù bùdébù luòzài wúchǎnjiējí de jiān shàng le. [Pinyin]
- History has proved that the Chinese bourgeoisie cannot fulfil this responsibility, which inevitably falls upon the shoulders of the proletariat.
历史已经证明:中国资产阶级是不能尽此责任的,这个责任就不得不落在无产阶级的肩上了。 [MSC, simp.]
- to shoulder
- to bear
Synonyms
- (shoulders):
- (to bear):
- 充任 (chōngrèn)
- 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
- 充當/充当 (chōngdāng)
- 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 坐擔/坐担 (Hokkien)
- 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 承受 (chéngshòu)
- 承擔/承担 (chéngdān)
- 承當/承当 (chéngdāng)
- 接載/接载 (Hokkien)
- 擔/担
- 擔任/担任 (dānrèn)
- 擔承/担承 (dānchéng)
- 擔當/担当 (dāndāng)
- 擔負/担负 (dānfù)
- 擔責承/担责承 (Hokkien)
- 擔領/担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 稟受/禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
- 肩負/肩负 (jiānfù)
- 負擔/负担 (fùdān)
- 食坐 (Hokkien)
- 食擔/食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
Compounds
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References
- “肩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Pronunciation
Kanji in this term |
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肩 |
かた Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
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Noun
- a shoulder
- 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “[3](さん)[撃](げき)[目](め) [災](さい)[害](がい)[存](そん)[在](ざい) [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
- 肩!肩に 肩に乗ってる奴を殺せ‼
- Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
- Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!
- 肩!肩に 肩に乗ってる奴を殺せ‼
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
肩 (eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
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