cat
English
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: kăt, IPA(key): /kæt/, [kʰæt], [kʰæt̚]
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /kat/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) Audio (US-Inland North) (file) - Rhymes: -æt
- Homophone: Kat
Etymology 1
From Middle English cat, catte, from Old English catt (“male cat”), catte (“female cat”), from Proto-Germanic *kattuz.
The Germanic word is generally thought to be from Late Latin cattus (“domestic cat”) (c. 350, Palladius), from Latin catta (c. 75 A.D., Martial),[1] from an Afroasiatic language. This would roughly match how domestic cats themselves spread, as genetic studies suggest they began to spread out of the Near East / Fertile Crescent during the Neolithic (being in Cyprus by 9500 years ago,[2][3] and Greece and Italy by 2500 years ago[4][5]), especially after they became popular in Egypt.[2][3] However, every proposed source word has presented problems. Adolphe Pictet[6] and many subsequent sources refer to Barabra (Nubian) [script needed] (kaddîska) and "Nouba" (Nobiin) kadīs as possible sources or cognates,[7] but M. Lionel Bender says the Nubian word is a loan from Arabic قِطَّة (qiṭṭa).[8] Jean-Paul Savignac suggests the Latin word is from an Egyptian precursor of Coptic ϣⲁⲩ (šau, “tomcat”) suffixed with feminine -t,[9] but John Huehnergard says "the source [...] was clearly not Egyptian itself, where no analogous form is attested."[8]
Huehnergard opines it is "equally likely that the forms might derive from an ancient Germanic word, imported into Latin and thence to Greek and to Syriac and Arabic". Guus Kroonen also considers the word to be native to Germanic (due to morphological alternations) and Northern Europe, and suggests that it might ultimately be borrowed from Uralic, compare Northern Sami gađfe (“female stoat”) and Hungarian hölgy (“stoat; lady, bride”) from Proto-Uralic *käďwä (“female (of a fur animal)”).[10]
Related to Scots cat, West Frisian kat, North Frisian kåt and kaat, Dutch kat, Danish kat, Norwegian katt, Swedish katt, German Low German Katt and Katte, German Katze, Alemannic German Chatz, Icelandic köttur, Afrikaans kat, Latin cattus, French chat, Norman cat, Occitan cat, Portuguese gato, Spanish gato, Aromanian cãtush, Scottish Gaelic cat, Irish cat, Breton kazh, Welsh cath, Cornish kath, as well as Ancient Greek κάττα (kátta), Greek γάτα (gáta), and from the same ultimate source Russian кот (kot), Ukrainian кіт (kit), Belarusian кот (kot), Polish kot, Kashubian kòt, Lithuanian katė, and more distantly Armenian կատու (katu), Basque katu, Hebrew חתול (khatúl), Arabic قِطَّة (qiṭṭa) alongside dialectal Maghrebi Arabic قَطُّوس (qaṭṭūs) (from Berber, probably from Latin).
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- An animal of the family Felidae:
- 2011, Karl Kruszelnicki, Brain Food, →ISBN, page 53:
- Mammals need two genes to make the taste receptor for sugar. Studies in various cats (tigers, cheetahs and domestic cats) showed that one of these genes has mutated and no longer works.
- Synonym: felid
- A domesticated subspecies (Felis silvestris catus) of feline animal, commonly kept as a house pet. [from 8thc.]
- Template:RQ:WBsnt IvryGt
- At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
- Template:RQ:WBsnt IvryGt
- Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, etc.
- 1977, Peter Hathaway Capstick, Death in the Long Grass: A Big Game Hunter's Adventures in the African Bush, St. Martin's Press, page 44:
- I grabbed it and ran over to the lion from behind, the cat still chewing thoughtfully on Silent's arm.
- 1985 January, George Laycock, "Our American Lion", in Boy Scouts of America, Boy's Life, 28.
- If you should someday round a corner on the hiking trail and come face to face with a mountain lion, you would probably never forget the mighty cat.
- 2014, Dale Mayer, Rare Find. A Psychic Visions Novel, Valley Publishing:
- She felt privileged to be here, living the experience inside the majestic cat [i.e. a tiger]; privileged to be part of their bond, even for only a few hours.
- A person:
- (offensive) A spiteful or angry woman. [from early 13thc.]
- 1835 September, anonymous, "The Pigs", in The New-England Magazine, Vol. 9, 156.
- But, ere one rapid moon its tale has told, / He finds his prize — a cat — a slut — a scold.
- Synonym: bitch
- 1835 September, anonymous, "The Pigs", in The New-England Magazine, Vol. 9, 156.
- An enthusiast or player of jazz.
- 2008, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds (lyrics and music), “Hold on to Yourself”:
- I turn on the radio / There's some cat on the saxophone / Laying down a litany of excuses
- (slang) A person (usually male).
- 1972, “Starman”, in The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, performed by David Bowie:
- Didn't know what time it was the lights were low / I leaned back on my radio / Some cat was layin' down some rock'n'roll 'lotta soul, he said
- 1973 December, "Books Noted", discussing A Dialogue (by James Baldwin and Nikki Giovanni), in Black World, Johnson Publishing Company, 77.
- BALDWIN: That's what we were talking about before. And by the way, you did not have to tell me that you think your father is a groovy cat; I knew that.
- 1998, “Fiend”, in Respect, performed by Shaquille O'Neal:
- What fags are true I know what Mack's might do
I'm quite familiar with cats like you
Provoke to get me give me a good reason to smoke me
Try to break me but never wrote me)
- 2006, “Sick of it all”, in Masta Ace (lyrics), Pariah:
- I am sick of rappers claiming they hot when they really not
I am sick of rappers bragging about shit they ain’t really got
These cats stay rapping about cars they don’t own
I am sick of rappers bragging about models they don’t bone.[…]
And I am sick of all these cats with no talent
That never lived in the hood but yet their lyrics be so violent.
- (slang) A prostitute. [from at least early 15thc.]
- 1999, Carl P. Eby, Hemingway's Fetishism. Psychoanalysis and the Mirror of Manhood, State University of New York Press, page 124:
- "Tell me. Willie said there was a cat in love with you. That isn't true, is it?" "Yes. It's true," Hudson corrects her, letting her think that by "cat" he means prostitute.
- (offensive) A spiteful or angry woman. [from early 13thc.]
- (nautical) A strong tackle used to hoist an anchor to the cathead of a ship.
- 2009, Olof A. Eriksen, Constitution - All Sails Up and Flying, Outskirts Press, page 134:
- Overhaul down & hook the cat, haul taut. Walk away the cat. When up, pass the cat head stopper. Hook the fish in & fish the anchor.
- (chiefly nautical) Short form of cat-o'-nine-tails.
- 1839, Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, testimony by Henry L. Pinckney (Assembly No. 335), page 44:
- […] he whipped a black man for disobedience of his orders fifty lashes; and again whipped him with a cat, which he wound with wire, about the same number of stripes; […] he used this cat on one other man, and then destroyed the cat wound with wire.
- (archaic) A sturdy merchant sailing vessel (now only in "catboat").
- (archaic, uncountable) The game of "trap and ball" (also called "cat and dog").
- The trap of the game of "trap and ball".
- (archaic) The pointed piece of wood that is struck in the game of tipcat.
- (slang, vulgar, African-American Vernacular) A vagina, a vulva; the female external genitalia.
- 1969, Iceberg Slim, Pimp: The Story of My Life, Holloway House Publishing:
- "What the hell, so this broad's got a prematurely-gray cat."
- 2005, Carolyn Chambers Sanders, Sins & Secrets, Hachette Digital:
- As she came up, she tried to put her cat in his face for some licking.
- 2007, Franklin White, Money for Good, Simon and Schuster, page 64:
- I had a notion to walk over to her, rip her apron off, sling her housecoat open and put my finger inside her cat to see if she was wet or freshly fucked because the dream I had earlier was beginning to really annoy me.
- A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.) with six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position it is placed.
- (historical) A wheeled shelter, used in the Middle Ages as a siege weapon to allow assailants to approach enemy defences.
- 2000, Stephen O'Shea, The Perfect Heresy, Profile Books, page 97:
- From behind the narrow slits in the walls of Castellar, crossbowmen and archers took aim at the juddering cat as it came closer.
Synonyms
See also Thesaurus:cat, Thesaurus:man.
- (any member of the suborder (sometimes superfamily) Feliformia or Feloidea): feliform ("cat-like" carnivoran), feloid (compare Caniformia, Lua error in Module:taxlink at line 68: Parameter "noshow" is not used by this template.)
- (any member of the subfamily Felinae, genera Puma, Acinonyx, Lynx, Leopardus, and Felis)): feline cat, a feline
- (any member of the subfamily Pantherinae, genera Panthera, Uncia and Neofelis): pantherine cat, a pantherine
- (technically, all members of the genus Panthera): panther (i.e. tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard), (narrow sense) panther (i.e. black panther(Please check if this is already defined at target. Replace
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Hyponyms
Derived terms
- a cat in hell's chance
- a cat may look at a king
- African golden cat
- all cats are grey in the dark, all cats are grey by night
- alley cat
- Andean cat
- Asiatic golden cat
- barn cat
- bay cat
- black-footed cat
- bobcat
- Burmese cat, Burmese
- cat and mouse
- catbird
- cat-block
- cat box
- cat-burglar
- catcall
- caterwaul
- cat-eyed
- catfish
- cat-flap
- cat food
- cat-footed
- cat got someone's tongue, cat got your tongue?
- catgut
- cat-harpin
- cathead, cat-head
- cat-house
- cat-ice
- cat in the meal-tub
- cat in the sack
- catkin
- catlap
- cat-lick
- catlike
- catling
- cat litter
- catloaf
- catly
- catmint
- cat-nap, cat nap, catnap
- catnip
- cat-o'-nine-tails
- cat's cradle
- cat scratch fever
- cat's eye
- catshit
- cat's meat
- cat's meow
- cat's pajamas, the cat's pyjamas
- cat's paw
- cat's-tail
- cat state
- catsuit
- cat's whisker
- cat's whiskers
- cat that ate the canary, cat that swallowed the canary
- cattish
- cat-trap
- catty
- Caturday
- cat wagon
- catwalk, cat-walk
- cat-witted
- Chinese desert cat
- cool cat
- copycat
- curiosity killed the cat
- domestic cat
- fat cat
- feral cat
- fight like cats and dogs
- fishing cat
- flat-headed cat
- Geoffroy's cat
- hepcat
- housecat
- jungle cat
- kick at the cat
- lead a cat-and-dog life
- leopard cat
- let the cat out of the bag
- like a cat in a strange garret
- like a cat on a hot tin roof
- like a cat on hot bricks
- like herding cats
- like the cat that got the cream
- little spotted cat
- lolcat
- Maine Coon cat, Maine Coon
- make a cat laugh
- Manx cat, Manx
- marbled cat
- native cat
- not enough room to swing a cat
- Pallas cat
- pampas cat
- Persian cat, Persian
- rain cats and dogs
- reduced cat
- Russian Blue cat, Russian Blue
- rusty-spotted cat
- sand cat
- scaredy-cat
- Schrödinger's cat
- Siamese cat, Siamese
- spokescat
- tabby cat, tabby
- the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet
- there's more than one way to skin a cat, there is more than one way to skin a cat
- tom cat, tomcat
- wait for the cat to jump
- when the cat's away the mice will play
- wildcat, wild cat
Translations
Verb
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- (nautical, transitive) To hoist (the anchor) by its ring so that it hangs at the cathead.
- (nautical, transitive) To flog with a cat-o'-nine-tails.
- (slang) To vomit something.
- To go wandering at night.
- 1998, Mary Spencer, Lady's Wager, page 324:
- "He doesn't realize that I know," Lord Callan said, "but it's been pretty obvious that most of his catting about London's darker alleys has been a search for his origins.
- 2010, Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land, page 18:
- This was going to be my first try at catting out. I went looking for somebody to cat with me.
- 2012, Valerie Hansen, Wages of Sin:
- My own dear wife could have tended to his needs if she hadn't been out catting.
- To gossip in a catty manner.
- 1932, Hugh Brooke, Man Made Angry, page 134:
- Men from young to middleaged, with matt faces, vivacious and brightly dressed, catted together in gay groups.
- 1996, Alistair Boyle, The Unlucky Seven:
- They smiled, touched, rolled their eyes and raised their eyebrows, as they relived the audition and catted about some of their competition.
- 2016, Melanie Benjamin, The Swans of Fifth Avenue, page 293:
- In the story, Lady Ina gossiped and catted about a parade of the rich and famous—Jackie Kennedy looking like an exaggerated version of herself, Princess Margaret so boring she made people fall asleep, Gloria Vanderbilt so ditzy she didn't recognize her first husband.
Translations
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See also
Etymology 2
Noun
cat (plural cats)
Etymology 3
Abbreviation of catenate.
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- (computing) A program and command in Unix that reads one or more files and directs their content to the standard output.
Verb
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- (computing, transitive) To apply the cat command to (one or more files).
- (computing, slang) To dump large amounts of data on (an unprepared target) usually with no intention of browsing it carefully.
Etymology 4
Possibly a shortened form of catastrophic.
Adjective
cat (not comparable)
- (Ireland, informal) Terrible, disastrous.
- The weather was cat, so they returned home early.
Usage notes
This usage is common in speech but rarely appears in writing.
Etymology 5
Shortened from methcathinone.
Noun
cat (uncountable)
- (slang) A street name of the drug methcathinone.
Etymology 6
Shortened from catapult.
Noun
cat (plural cats)
Etymology 7
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- Abbreviation of category.
Etymology 8
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- Abbreviation of catfish.
- 1913, Willa Cather, chapter 2, in O Pioneers!:
- She missed the fish diet of her own country, and twice every summer she sent the boys to the river, twenty miles to the southward, to fish for channel cat.
- 1916, M. Shults, "Fishing for Yellow Cat in the Brazos", in Field and Stream, vol. 21, 478.
- Fishing for cat is probably, up to a certain stage, the least exciting of all similar sports.
Etymology 9
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- (slang) Any of a variety of earth-moving machines. (from their manufacturer Caterpillar Inc.)
- A caterpillar drive vehicle (a ground vehicle which uses caterpillar tracks), especially tractors, trucks, minibuses, and snow groomers.
References
- ^ Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, s.v. "cat", [html], retrieved on 29 September 2009: [1].
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ian Sample, DNA research identifies homeland of the domestic cat, in The Guardian (29 June 2007)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Claudio Ottoni, Wim Van Neer, Eva-Maria Geigl, et al, The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world, in Nature: Ecology & Evolution, volume 1 (19 June 2017) (doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0139); summarized e.g. by PLOS
- ^ Charles Ginenthal, Pillars of the Past, volume three
- ^ Dennis C. Turner, Patrick Bateson, The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour (→ISBN), page 93
- ^ Pictet, Adolphe (1859) Les origines indo-européennes, ou Les Aryas primitifs: essai de paléontologie linguistique, volume I, Paris: J. Cherbuliez, page 381
- ^ Otto Keller, Die antike Tierwelt, vol. 1: Säugetiere (Leipzig, 1909), 75; Walther von Wartburg, ed. Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, vol. 2 (Basel: R. G. Zbinden, 1922–1967), 520.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 John Huehnergard, “Qitta: Arabic Cats”, in Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms, ed. Beatrice Gruendler (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 407–18.
- ^ Jean-Paul Savignac, Dictionnaire français-gaulois, s.v. "chat" (Paris: Errance, 2004), 82.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kattōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Anagrams
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay cat, from Min Nan 漆 (chhat), from Middle Chinese 漆 (tsit).
Noun
cat (first-person possessive catku, second-person possessive catmu, third-person possessive catnya)
- paint (substance)
Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish catt, from Latin cattus.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Munster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /kɑt̪ˠ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Mayo" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /kat̪ˠ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Cois Fharraige" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /kʊt̪ˠ/ (as if spelled cut)
Noun
cat m (genitive singular cait, nominative plural cait)
- cat (domestic feline; member of the Felidae)
Declension
Derived terms
- caitín (“catkin”)
- cat crainn (“pine marten”)
- cat Manannach (“Manx cat”)
- cat mara (“catfish”)
- catach (“curly-haired”, adjective)
- catachas (“heat (in a cat)”)
- catsúil (“ogle”)
- catúil (“feline”, adjective)
- fearchat (“tomcat”)
- liopardchat (“leopard-cat”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cat | chat | gcat |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cat”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cat”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 121
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “catt”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cat”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “cat”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Min Nan 漆 (chhat), from Middle Chinese 漆 (tsit).
Pronunciation
Noun
cat (Jawi spelling چت)
- paint (substance)
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English catt, catte; this is in turn from Proto-Germanic *kattuz.
Pronunciation
Noun
cat (plural cats)
- cat (feline)
Descendants
Norman
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ONF." is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (variant of Old French chat) from Late Latin cattus.
Pronunciation
Noun
cat m (plural cats, feminine catte)
- cat
- c. 1830 George Métivier, ‘Lamentations de Damaris’:
- Où'est donc qu'j'iron, mé et mes puches / Ma catte, et l'reste de l'écu?
- 2006, Peggy Collenette, ‘D'la gâche de Guernési’, P'tites Lures Guernésiaises, Cromwell Press 2006, page 20:
- Ils d'visirent pour enne haeure, mais la Louise était pas chagrinaïe au tour sa pâte, pasqué a savait que le cat était à gardaïr la pâte caoude. (They talked for an hour, but Louise was not worried about her dough, because she knew that the cat was keeping the dough warm.)
- c. 1830 George Métivier, ‘Lamentations de Damaris’:
- (Jersey) common dab (Lua error in Module:taxlink at line 68: Parameter "noshow" is not used by this template.)
Derived terms
- catchiéthe (“cat-flap”)
Old French
Noun
cat oblique singular, m (oblique plural caz or catz, nominative singular caz or catz, nominative plural cat)
- (Picardy, Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of chat
Romanian
Etymology
Noun
cat n (plural caturi)
Declension
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish catt, from Latin cattus.
Pronunciation
Noun
cat m (genitive singular cait, plural cait)
- cat (animal)
Declension
Template:gd-decl-noun-indef Template:gd-decl-noun-def
Derived terms
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
cat | chat |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æt
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Afroasiatic languages
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English offensive terms
- English slang
- en:Nautical
- English terms with archaic senses
- English uncountable nouns
- English vulgarities
- African-American Vernacular English
- English terms with historical senses
- English transitive verbs
- English abbreviations
- en:Computing
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- Irish English
- English informal terms
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Military
- English basic words
- English terms with multiple etymologies
- English three-letter words
- en:Catfish
- en:Cats
- en:Felids
- en:People
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Min Nan
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries
- id:Liquids
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Latin
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish first-declension nouns
- ga:Cats
- ga:Felids
- Malay terms derived from Min Nan
- Malay terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Malay 1-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/t͡ʃat
- Rhymes:Malay/at
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Liquids
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- enm:Carnivores
- enm:Felids
- enm:Mammals
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Late Latin
- Norman terms derived from Late Latin
- Norman terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norman terms with audio links
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- Jersey Norman
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- nrf:Cats
- nrf:Felids
- nrf:Flatfish
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Picard Old French
- Anglo-Norman
- Romanian terms borrowed from Turkish
- Romanian terms derived from Turkish
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Latin
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns
- gd:Cats
- gd:Male animals