亮

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See also: 𠅙
亮 U+4EAE, 亮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAE
← 亭
[U+4EAD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亯 →
[U+4EAF]
亮 U+F977, 亮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F977
← 略
[U+F976] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 兩 →
[U+F978]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Mainland China)
9 strokes

Alternative forms

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Han character

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亮 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月山 (YRBU), four-corner 00217, composition ⿳亠口冗 or ⿱⿳亠口冖几(G) or ⿱⿳亠口冖儿(HTJK or U+F977))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 89, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 304
  • Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 286, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EAE

Chinese

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trad. 亮
simp. # 亮
alternative forms 𠅙

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 亮
b13614
b13615
s06359
Transcribed ancient scripts
L37007
L37008
L37009
L24090
L24091
L24092
L24093
L24094
L24095
L24096
L24097
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”). In the variant 𠅙, the body of the tower is more recognizable.

Etymology

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Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as:

  • ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ),
  • [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ).
  • បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ).

Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • liāng - colloquial;
    • liōng - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 亮
Mandarin Beijing /liɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /liaŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /liɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan /liaŋ²¹/
Qingdao /liaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /liaŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /liaŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /liɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /liɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /liɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi /liɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /niaŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /niaŋ¹³/
Guiyang /niaŋ²¹³/
Kunming /liã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /liaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /liɑ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /liɑŋ³⁵/
/luə³⁵/
Hohhot /liɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /liã²³/
Suzhou /liã³¹/
Hangzhou /liɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /li²²/
Hui Shexian /lia²²/
Tunxi /liau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lian⁵⁵/
/lian¹¹/
Xiangtan /nian²¹/
Gan Nanchang /liɔŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /lioŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /lioŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lœŋ²²/
Nanning /lœŋ²²/
Hong Kong /lœŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /luɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /liɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /liaŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /liaŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 亮
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力讓切
Baxter ljangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亮
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]aŋ-s/
English brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亮
Reading # 1/1
No. 8062
Phonetic
component 		亮
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亮
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋs/

Definitions

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亮

  1. bright; brilliant; radiant
  2. loud and clear
  3. (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light
  4. to shine; to illuminate
    亮島／亮岛 [Eastern Min]  ―  Liông-dō̤ / [l̃uoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (t-)no³³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  Liang Island, Beigan, Lienchiang (Matsu), ROC (Taiwan)
  5. (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic
  6. to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice
  7. to reveal; to disclose
  8. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 明, 亮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 亮, 光亮
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 亮
Taiwan 亮
Malaysia 亮
Singapore 亮
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 亮
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 亮
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 亮
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 亮
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 亮
Wuhan 亮, 光
Guiyang 亮
Guilin 亮
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 亮
Yangzhou 亮
Hefei 亮
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 皓
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 光
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 皓
Taishan 皓
Kaiping (Chikan) 光
Dongguan 光, 皓
Yangjiang 光
Nanning 光
Danzhou 光
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 亮
Pingxiang 光
Hakka Meixian 光
Xingning 光
Huiyang 光
Huidong (Daling) 光
Dongguan (Qingxi) 光
Wuhua (Huacheng) 光
Heyuan (Bendihua) 光
Wengyuan 光
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 光
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 光
Liannan 光
Jiexi 光
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 光
Changting 光
Wuping 光
Wuping (Yanqian) 光
Wuping (Pingyu) 光
Liancheng 光
Ninghua 光
Yudu 光
Ningdu 光
Ruijin 光
Shicheng 光
Shangyou (Shexi) 光
Tonggu (Sandu) 光
Ganzhou (Panlong) 光
Dayu 光
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 光
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 光
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 光
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 光
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 光
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 光
Hong Kong 光
Mengshan (Xihe) 光
Luchuan 光
Senai (Huiyang) 光
Kuching (Hepo) 亮, 光
Huizhou Jixi 亮
Jin Taiyuan 亮
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Fuzhou (Changle) 光
Fuqing 光
Yongtai 光
Gutian 光
Fu'an 光
Ningde 光
Shouning 光
Zhouning 光
Fuding 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Quanzhou 光
Zhangzhou 光
Taipei 光
Kaohsiung 光
Yilan 光
Changhua (Lukang) 光
Taichung 光
Taichung (Wuqi) 光
Tainan 光
Taitung 光
Hsinchu 光
Penghu (Magong) 光
Penang (Hokkien) 光
Manila (Hokkien) 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光, 亮
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 光
Leizhou 光
Wenchang 光
Haikou 光
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亮
Wu Shanghai 亮
Suzhou 亮
Hangzhou 亮
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Shuangfeng 亮, 光
Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 光
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 光
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 光, 亮兒 †
Taiwan 光
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 光, 亮兒 †
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 光, 亮 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 光
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 光
Wuhan 光
Guilin 光
Dagudi (Maliba) 光
Reshuitang (Longling) 光
Mae Salong (Lancang) 光
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 光
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 光
Hefei 光
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Yangjiang 光
Hepu (Lianzhou) 光
Hepu (Shatian) 光
Beihai 光
Beihai (Nankang) 光
Beihai (Yingpan) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 光, 亮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 光
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 光
Móng Cái 光
Bangkok (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 光
Hakka Meixian 光, 亮
Shanghang 光
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 光
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 光
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 光
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 光
Xingye (Gaofeng) 光
Rongxian (Xiandi) 光
Bangkok (Jiexi) 光
Jin Taiyuan 光, 亮 †
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 光
Hat Yai (Teochew) 光
Pontianak (Teochew) 光
Puxian Min Putian 光
Wu Suzhou 光
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Xiangxiang 光
Shuangfeng 光
Note † - beam or lamplight
Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燈
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 燈
Malaysia 燈
Singapore 燈
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 燈
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燈
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 亮
Guilin 燈
Cantonese Guangzhou 燈
Hong Kong 燈
Taishan 燈, 火
Singapore (Guangfu) 燈, 火
Gan Nanchang 燈
Hakka Meixian 燈
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燈, 火
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燈, 火
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燈, 火
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燈, 火
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燈, 火
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燈, 火
Kuching (Hepo) 燈
Jin Taiyuan 燈
Eastern Min Fuzhou 燈
Southern Min Xiamen 燈
Penang (Hokkien) 燈, 火
Singapore (Hokkien) 火
Manila (Hokkien) 火, 燈
Singapore (Teochew) 火, 燈
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 燈
Wu Suzhou 燈
Ningbo 燈, 亮 dated
Wenzhou 燈
Xiang Changsha 燈, 亮
Xiangxiang 燈
  • (loud and clear):
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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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亮

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. clear
  2. help

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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亮(りょう) • (Ryō) ←りやう (Ryau)?

  1. a male given name

亮(あきら) • (Akira) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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亮 (eum 량 (ryang))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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亮: Hán Nôm readings: lượng, lương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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