infero

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnferus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈfero/

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Rhymes: -ero
• Syllabification: in‧fe‧ro

Noun

infero (accusative singular inferon, plural inferoj, accusative plural inferojn)

1. hell (place where damned souls are eternally punished)

   Antonym: ĉielo (“heaven”)

   • 1908, L. L. Zamenhof, La rabistoj: dramo en kvin aktoj, Paris: Hachette, translation of Die Räuber by Friedrich Schiller, page 10:

     Pli bone estas iri seninfana en la ĉielon, ol se ambaŭ, la patro kaj la filo, iras en la inferon.

     It's better to go childless into heaven, than if both, the father and the son, go into hell.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin īnferus (“low”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈin.fe.ro/
• Rhymes: -infero
• Hyphenation: ìn‧fe‧ro

Adjective

infero (feminine infera, masculine plural inferi, feminine plural infere)

1. (literary) low, deep

   Synonym: imo

2. (figurative, rare) underworldly, infernal, chthonian

   Synonyms: ctonio, infernale, ipogeo

3. (botany) inferior (of an ovary)

Related terms

• imo
• inferiore
• infimo

Anagrams

• Noferi, ferino

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti

Proto-Italic *ferō

Latin ferō

Latin īnferō

From in- (“in, at, on; into”) + ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈĩː.fɛ.roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiɱ.fe.ro]

Verb

īnferō (present infinitive īnferre, perfect active intulī, supine illātum); third conjugation, suppletive

1. to carry, bring, put, place, or throw in, into, to, or upon somewhere or something; insert

   Synonyms: īnserō, īnsertō, intrōferō, immittō, intrōdūcō, invehō, implicō

   Antonyms: excipiō, ēiciō, extrahō

2. to bring forward, introduce, produce, cause, occasion, inspire
3. to set fire to; offer, sacrifice, render
4. to bury, bring to a place for burial, inter
5. (of a tribute or tax) to pay, furnish
6. (military) to advance, march, move forward

   Synonyms: prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, eō, pergō, prŏficīscor, obeō, occurrō, adeō, subeō, gradior, vādō

7. (military) to bear the standards against the enemy, attack, make an attack upon; wage war on

   Gigantes bellum dis intulerunt ― The giants waged war against the gods (Cicero)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.2:

     Aeneae Latinoque bellum intulerat

     He waged war against the Aeneas and Latinus

8. (figuratively) to bring forward, introduce; produce, occasion, make; conclude; import
9. (figuratively, with dative) to cause, inflict, impose

   Synonyms: indō, pariō, offerō, ēdō, importō, addūcō, afferō, efficiō, iniciō

10. to conclude, infer, draw an inference, to refer to

    Synonym: dēdūcō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of īnferō (third conjugation, suppletive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnferō		īnfers		īnfert		īnferimus		īnfertis		īnferunt
	imperfect	īnferēbam		īnferēbās		īnferēbat		īnferēbāmus		īnferēbātis		īnferēbant
	future	īnferam		īnferēs		īnferet		īnferēmus		īnferētis		īnferent
	perfect	intulī		intulistī		intulit		intulimus		intulistis		intulērunt, intulēre
	pluperfect	intuleram		intulerās		intulerat		intulerāmus		intulerātis		intulerant
	future perfect	intulerō		intuleris		intulerit		intulerimus		intuleritis		intulerint
passive	present	īnferor		īnferris, īnferre		īnfertur		īnferimur		īnferiminī		īnferuntur
	imperfect	īnferēbar		īnferēbāris, īnferēbāre		īnferēbātur		īnferēbāmur		īnferēbāminī		īnferēbantur
	future	īnferar		īnferēris, īnferēre		īnferētur		īnferēmur		īnferēminī		īnferentur
	perfect	illātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	illātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	illātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnferam		īnferās		īnferat		īnferāmus		īnferātis		īnferant
	imperfect	īnferrem		īnferrēs		īnferret		īnferrēmus		īnferrētis		īnferrent
	perfect	intulerim		intulerīs		intulerit		intulerīmus		intulerītis		intulerint
	pluperfect	intulissem		intulissēs		intulisset		intulissēmus		intulissētis		intulissent
passive	present	īnferar		īnferāris, īnferāre		īnferātur		īnferāmur		īnferāminī		īnferantur
	imperfect	īnferrer		īnferrēris, īnferrēre		īnferrētur		īnferrēmur		īnferrēminī		īnferrentur
	perfect	illātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	illātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		īnfer		—		—		īnferte		—
	future	—		īnfertō		īnfertō		—		īnfertōte		īnferuntō
passive	present	—		īnferre		—		—		īnferiminī		—
	future	—		īnfertor		īnfertor		—		—		īnferuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		īnferre			īnferrī			īnferēns			—
future		illātūrum esse			illātum īrī			illātūrus			īnferendus, īnferundus
perfect		intulisse			illātum esse			—			illātus
future perfect		—			illātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		illātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		īnferendī		īnferendō		īnferendum		īnferendō		illātum		illātū

Derived terms

• illātiō
• illātīvus
• illātus
• īnferibilis

Related terms

• adferō, afferō
• auferō
• circumferō
• cōnferō
• dēferō
• differō
• efferō
• ferō
• interferō
• intrōferō
• offerō
• perferō
• postferō
• praeferō
• praeterferor
• prōferō
• referō
• sufferō
• trānsferō

Descendants

• → Catalan: inferir
• → English: infer
• → French: inférer
• → Galician: inferir
• → Italian: inferire
• → Portuguese: inferir
• → Spanish: inferir

References

• “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “infero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to set fire to houses: ignem tectis inferre, subicere
    
  • to lay violent hands on a person: manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui
    
  • to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
    
  • to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
    
  • to do harm to, injure any one: damnum inferre, afferre alicui
    
  • to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere
    
  • to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere
    
  • to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
    
  • to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
    
  • to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re
    
  • to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
    
  • to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive: bellum or arma ultro inferre
    
  • to set fire to the siege-works: ignem inferre operibus (B. C. 2. 14)
    
  • to march on the enemy: gradum inferre in hostem
    
  • to attack the enemy: signa inferre in hostem
    
  • to inflict a defeat on the enemy: cladem hostibus afferre, inferre