profero

Latin

Etymology

From prō- (“in front of”) +‎ ferō (“carry, bear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈproː.fe.roː/, [ˈproːfɛroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.fe.ro/, [ˈprɔːfero]

Verb

prōferō (present infinitive prōferre, perfect active prōtulī, supine prōlātum); third conjugation, irregular

1. to bring out, bring forth

   Synonyms: praefero, induco, produco, affero, prōpōnō, perfero, edo

   Antonyms: auferō, tollō, adimō, rapiō, ēripiō, dīripiō, arceō, abdūcō

   signa proferre ― to push forward the army

   aliquid in medium proferre ― to expose something publicly

   aliquid in diem posterum proferre ― to postpone something until the following day

   • c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2 18:

     Per idem tempus conditōrium et corpus Magnī Alexandrī, cum prōlātum ē penetrālī subiēcisset oculīs, corōnā aureā impositā ac flōribus aspersīs venerātus est cōnsultusque, num et Ptolemaeum īnspicere vellet, rēgem sē voluisse ait vidēre, nōn mortuōs.

     Around the same time he paid honours to the sarcophagus and body of Alexander the Great, when he examined it brought out of the mausoleum, by putting on it a golden crown and spreading flowers, and was asked whether he also wished to see the Ptolemaean mausoleum, he said that he wanted to see a king, not corpses.

   • c. 100 CE – c. 130 CE, Juvenal, Satires 1.126:

     'Prōfer, Galla, caput.' 'Nōlī vexāre, quiēscit.'

     'Bring out your head, Galla.' 'Don't disturb her, she's resting.'

2. to make known, produce in public, publish, reveal

   Synonyms: praebeō, ostendō, ostentō, prōdō, indicō, prōpōnō, expōnō, prōtrahō, profiteor, vulgō, gerō, praestō, coarguō, fateor, acclārō

3. to appear, show oneself

   Synonyms: prōcēdō, appāreō, obversor, cresco, exorior, orior, coorior

   Antonyms: concēdō, decēdō, cēdō, intereō

4. to offer, proffer, present

   Synonyms: offerō, expōnō, praebeō, obiciō, porrigō, afferō, prōpōnō, sufferō, polliceor, dōnō, condōnō, largior, moveō

5. to stretch out, extend

   Synonyms: extendō, distendō, prōlongō, pandō, porrigō, prōtrahō, explicō, trahō

   • c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 13.14.3:

     Habēbat autem iūs prōferendī pōmēriī quī populum Rōmānum agrō dē hostibus captō auxerat.

     He who had enlarged the Roman peoples with captured land had the right of extending the Pomerium.

6. (military) to march on, advance
7. (figuratively) to produce, induce growth
8. to utter, pronounce
9. to put off, defer, adjourn
10. (painting) to bring out, represent distinctly
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 35.56:

      […] Cīmōnem Cleōnaeum. Hic catagrapha invēnit, hoc est oblīquās imāginēs, et variē fōrmāre voltūs, respicientēs suspicientēsve vel dēspicientēs; articulīs membra distīnxit, vēnās prōtulit, praeterque in vestibus rūgās et sinūs invēnit.

      […] Cimon of Cleonae. He invented profile paintings, that is, side-views, and fashioning faces in different ways: looking back, up or down; he distinguished members from joints, brought out the veins, and beside that devised creases and folds in clothes.

11. (figuratively, with se) to raise or elevate oneself from a lower station
12. to make known, publicize
13. to discover, invent

    Synonym: inveniō

14. to quote, cite, mention
    • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 2.3.48:

      DEMIPHO. Dī tibi maleficiant! PHORMIO. Prīmus essēs memoriter
      prōgeniem vestram ūsque ab avō atque atavō prōferēns.

      DEMIPHO. May the Gods confound you! PHORMIO. You'd have been the first, from memory,
      to cite your line of kindred, even as far back as from grandfather and great-grandfather.

15. to impel
16. to prolong

Conjugation

Conjugation of prōferō (third conjugation, irregular, suppletive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	prōferō	prōfers	prōfert	prōferimus	prōfertis	prōferunt
	imperfect	prōferēbam	prōferēbās	prōferēbat	prōferēbāmus	prōferēbātis	prōferēbant
	future	prōferam	prōferēs	prōferet	prōferēmus	prōferētis	prōferent
	perfect	prōtulī	prōtulistī	prōtulit	prōtulimus	prōtulistis	prōtulērunt, prōtulēre
	pluperfect	prōtuleram	prōtulerās	prōtulerat	prōtulerāmus	prōtulerātis	prōtulerant
	future perfect	prōtulerō	prōtuleris	prōtulerit	prōtulerimus	prōtuleritis	prōtulerint
passive	present	prōferor	prōferris, prōferre	prōfertur	prōferimur	prōferiminī	prōferuntur
	imperfect	prōferēbar	prōferēbāris, prōferēbāre	prōferēbātur	prōferēbāmur	prōferēbāminī	prōferēbantur
	future	prōferar	prōferēris, prōferēre	prōferētur	prōferēmur	prōferēminī	prōferentur
	perfect	prōlātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	prōlātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	prōlātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	prōferam	prōferās	prōferat	prōferāmus	prōferātis	prōferant
	imperfect	prōferrem	prōferrēs	prōferret	prōferrēmus	prōferrētis	prōferrent
	perfect	prōtulerim	prōtulerīs	prōtulerit	prōtulerīmus	prōtulerītis	prōtulerint
	pluperfect	prōtulissem	prōtulissēs	prōtulisset	prōtulissēmus	prōtulissētis	prōtulissent
passive	present	prōferar	prōferāris, prōferāre	prōferātur	prōferāmur	prōferāminī	prōferantur
	imperfect	prōferrer	prōferrēris, prōferrēre	prōferrētur	prōferrēmur	prōferrēminī	prōferrentur
	perfect	prōlātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	prōlātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	prōfer	—	—	prōferte	—
	future	—	prōfertō	prōfertō	—	prōfertōte	prōferuntō
passive	present	—	prōferre	—	—	prōferiminī	—
	future	—	prōfertor	prōfertor	—	—	prōferuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		prōferre	prōtulisse	prōlātūrum esse	prōferrī	prōlātum esse	prōlātum īrī
participles		prōferēns	—	prōlātūrus	—	prōlātus	prōferendus, prōferundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		prōferendī	prōferendō	prōferendum	prōferendō	prōlātum	prōlātū

Related terms

• adferō / afferō
• auferō
• circumferō
• cōnferō
• dēferō
• differō
• efferō
• ferō
• īnferō
• interferō
• intrōferō
• offerō
• perferō
• postferō
• praeferō
• praeterferor
• referō
• sufferō
• trānsferō

Descendants

• → English: profer, prolate, profert
• → French: proférer
• → Italian: proferire
• → Spanish: proferir

References

• “profero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “profero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• profero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges
    
  • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    
  • to adjourn, delay: diem proferre (Att. 13. 14)
    
  • to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
    
  • to cite a person or a thing as an example: aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare
    
  • to bring a subject forward into discussion: in medium proferre aliquid
    
  • to quote a passage of Plato: locum Platonis afferre, proferre (not citare)
    
  • to produce as a witness: aliquem testem dare, edere, proferre