profero

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *pér

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *pró

Proto-Indo-European *pro-

Proto-Italic *pro-

Latin prō-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti

Proto-Italic *ferō

Latin ferō

Latin prōferō

From prō- (“in front of”) + ferō (“carry, bear”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈproː.fɛ.roː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈprɔː.fe.ro]

Verb

prōferō (present infinitive prōferre, perfect active prōtulī, supine prōlātum); third conjugation, suppletive

to bring out, bring forth
Synonyms: praefero, induco, produco, affero, prōpōnō, perfero, edo

Antonyms: auferō, tollō, adimō, rapiō, ēripiō, dīripiō, arceō, abdūcō

signa proferre ― to push forward the army

aliquid in medium proferre ― to expose something publicly

aliquid in diem posterum proferre ― to postpone something until the following day
- 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2 18:
  Per idem tempus conditōrium et corpus Magnī Alexandrī, cum prōlātum ē penetrālī subiēcisset oculīs, corōnā aureā impositā ac flōribus aspersīs venerātus est cōnsultusque, num et Ptolemaeum īnspicere vellet, rēgem sē voluisse ait vidēre, nōn mortuōs.
  Around the same time he paid honours to the sarcophagus and body of Alexander the Great, when he examined it brought out of the mausoleum, by putting on it a golden crown and spreading flowers, and was asked whether he also wished to see the Ptolemaean mausoleum, he said that he wanted to see a king, not corpses.
- c. 100 CE – c. 130 CE, Juvenalis, Saturae 1.126:
  'Prōfer, Galla, caput.' 'Nōlī vexāre, quiēscit.'
  'Bring out your head, Galla.' 'Don't disturb her, she's resting.'
to make known, produce in public, publish, reveal
Synonyms: praebeō, ostendō, ostentō, prōdō, indicō, prōpōnō, expōnō, prōtrahō, profiteor, vulgō, gerō, praestō, coarguō, fateor, acclārō
to appear, show oneself
Synonyms: prōcēdō, appāreō, obversor, cresco, exorior, orior, coorior

Antonyms: concēdō, decēdō, cēdō, intereō
to offer, proffer, present
Synonyms: offerō, expōnō, praebeō, obiciō, porrigō, afferō, prōpōnō, sufferō, polliceor, dōnō, condōnō, largior, moveō
to stretch out, extend
Synonyms: extendō, distendō, prōlongō, pandō, porrigō, prōtrahō, explicō, trahō
- c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 13.14.3:
  Habēbat autem iūs prōferendī pōmēriī quī populum Rōmānum agrō dē hostibus captō auxerat.
  He who had enlarged the Roman peoples with captured land had the right of extending the Pomerium.
(military) to march on, advance
(figuratively) to produce, induce growth
to utter, pronounce
to put off, defer, adjourn
(painting) to bring out, represent distinctly
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 35.56:
  […] Cīmōnem Cleōnaeum. Hic catagrapha invēnit, hoc est oblīquās imāginēs, et variē fōrmāre voltūs, respicientēs suspicientēsve vel dēspicientēs; articulīs membra distīnxit, vēnās prōtulit, praeterque in vestibus rūgās et sinūs invēnit.
  […] Cimon of Cleonae. He invented profile paintings, that is, side-views, and fashioning faces in different ways: looking back, up or down; he distinguished members from joints, brought out the veins, and beside that devised creases and folds in clothes.
(figuratively, with se) to raise or elevate oneself from a lower station
to make known, publicize
to discover, invent
Synonym: inveniō
to quote, cite, mention
- 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 2.3.48:
  DEMIPHO. Dī tibi maleficiant! PHORMIO. Prīmus essēs memoriter
  prōgeniem vestram ūsque ab avō atque atavō prōferēns.
  DEMIPHO. May the Gods confound you! PHORMIO. You'd have been the first, from memory,
  to cite your line of kindred, even as far back as from grandfather and great-grandfather.
to impel
to prolong

Conjugation

Conjugation of prōferō (third conjugation, suppletive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	prōferō	prōfers		prōfert	prōferimus	prōfertis		prōferunt
	imperfect	prōferēbam	prōferēbās		prōferēbat	prōferēbāmus	prōferēbātis		prōferēbant
	future	prōferam	prōferēs		prōferet	prōferēmus	prōferētis		prōferent
	perfect	prōtulī	prōtulistī		prōtulit	prōtulimus	prōtulistis		prōtulērunt, prōtulēre
	pluperfect	prōtuleram	prōtulerās		prōtulerat	prōtulerāmus	prōtulerātis		prōtulerant
	future perfect	prōtulerō	prōtuleris		prōtulerit	prōtulerimus	prōtuleritis		prōtulerint
passive	present	prōferor	prōferris, prōferre		prōfertur	prōferimur	prōferiminī		prōferuntur
	imperfect	prōferēbar	prōferēbāris, prōferēbāre		prōferēbātur	prōferēbāmur	prōferēbāminī		prōferēbantur
	future	prōferar	prōferēris, prōferēre		prōferētur	prōferēmur	prōferēminī		prōferentur
	perfect	prōlātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	prōlātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	prōlātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	prōferam	prōferās		prōferat	prōferāmus	prōferātis		prōferant
	imperfect	prōferrem	prōferrēs		prōferret	prōferrēmus	prōferrētis		prōferrent
	perfect	prōtulerim	prōtulerīs		prōtulerit	prōtulerīmus	prōtulerītis		prōtulerint
	pluperfect	prōtulissem	prōtulissēs		prōtulisset	prōtulissēmus	prōtulissētis		prōtulissent
passive	present	prōferar	prōferāris, prōferāre		prōferātur	prōferāmur	prōferāminī		prōferantur
	imperfect	prōferrer	prōferrēris, prōferrēre		prōferrētur	prōferrēmur	prōferrēminī		prōferrentur
	perfect	prōlātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	prōlātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	prōfer		—	—	prōferte		—
active	future	—	prōfertō		prōfertō	—	prōfertōte		prōferuntō
passive	present	—	prōferre		—	—	prōferiminī		—
passive	future	—	prōfertor		prōfertor	—	—		prōferuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		prōferre		prōferrī		prōferēns		—
future		prōlātūrum esse		prōlātum īrī		prōlātūrus		prōferendus, prōferundus
perfect		prōtulisse		prōlātum esse		—		prōlātus
future perfect		—		prōlātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		prōlātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		prōferendī	prōferendō		prōferendum	prōferendō	prōlātum		prōlātū

Related terms

Descendants

→ English: profer, prolate, profert
→ French: proférer
→ Italian: proferire
→ Spanish: proferir

References

“profero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“profero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
“profero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- to adjourn, delay: diem proferre (Att. 13. 14)
- to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
- to cite a person or a thing as an example: aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare
- to bring a subject forward into discussion: in medium proferre aliquid
- to quote a passage of Plato: locum Platonis afferre, proferre (not citare)
- to produce as a witness: aliquem testem dare, edere, proferre