tun
English
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), of unknown origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "ML" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF., Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /tʌn/, /tʊn/
- Homophones: ton, tonne
- Rhymes: -ʌn
Noun
tun (plural tuns)
- A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.
- (brewing) A fermenting vat.
- An old English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 252 wine gallons; equal to two pipes.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:
- Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:
- A weight of 2,240 pounds.
- An indefinite large quantity.
- 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
- He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you.
- 1682, John Dryden, "Mac Flecknoe", lines 195-196:
- A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit.
- (archaic, humorous or derogatory) A drunkard.
- Any shell belonging to Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "noshow" is not used by this template. and allied genera.
- The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended.
Synonyms
- (indefinite large quantity): buttload; See also Thesaurus:lot
- (drunkard): alcoholic, souse, suck-pint; See also Thesaurus:drunkard
Verb
tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned)
- (transitive) To put into tuns, or casks.
- 1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife[1], fourteenth edition, page 407:
- Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast
Etymology 2
Mayan. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
tun (plural tuns)
- A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.
Anagrams
Aromanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin tonō. Compare Romanian tuna, tun.
Verb
tun (past participle tunatã)
- I thunder.
Related terms
Dalmatian
Etymology
From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Friulian ton, Catalan tro, Romansch tun, tung, Romanian tun, tunet, Spanish trueno.
Noun
tun m
Danish
Etymology 1
A contraction of tunfisk, from German Thunfisch (“tuna”), from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos).
Pronunciation
Noun
tun c (singular definite tunen, plural indefinite tun)
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom.
Pronunciation
Noun
tun n (singular definite tunet, plural indefinite tun)
Inflection
Etymology 3
See tune.
Pronunciation
Verb
tun
Fula
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
tun
Usage notes
Adverb
tun
Usage notes
References
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014. (when accessed 2019-9-10, there was no entry for tun, but an example using the word was given in entry for jam)
- Herb Caudill and Ousmane Besseko Diallo, Miɗo waawi Pular! : learner's guide to Pular (Fuuta Jallon), Conakry, 2000. (examples in text)
German
Alternative forms
- (obsolete) thun
Etymology
2=dʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, set, place”). Cognate with English do.
Pronunciation
Verb
- to do (to perform or execute an action)
- Synonym: machen
- Tu es! ― Do it!
- Man tut, was man kann. ― One does what one can.
- Er tat das, was man ihm gesagt hat. ― He did as he was told.
- Das einzige, was er je tat, war arbeiten. ― The only thing he ever did was work.
- (with dative) to do something (positive or negative) to someone
- Synonym: antun
- Der tut Ihnen nichts! ― He won't hurt you! (said for example about a dog)
- Mein Mann hat mir so viel Gutes getan. ― My husband has done me so much good.
- (reflexive, with an indefinite pronoun) to make a difference; to be different
- Synonym: unterscheiden
- Tut sich das viel? ― Does that make much of a difference?
- Die beiden Kameras tun sich nichts. ― The two cameras are no different [i.e. neither better than the other].
- (somewhat informal, with “so” or “als ob”) to fake; to feign; to pretend
- Synonyms: vortäuschen, täuschen, vorgeben
- Er hat nur so getan. ― He just faked it.
- Er tut, als ob er nichts wüsste. ― He pretends to know nothing.
- (chiefly colloquial) to put, to place, to add
- Synonyms: setzen, legen, stellen, platzieren, hinzufügen
- 2017, Simone Meier, Fleisch, Kein & Aber, p. 27:
- » Ich finds eklig, wenn du die Butter am Morgen nicht direkt aufs Brot streichst, sondern immer zuerst auf einen Teller tust. «
- I find it disgusting when you don't spread your butter straight on to your bread in the morning, but always put it on the plate first.
- » Ich finds eklig, wenn du die Butter am Morgen nicht direkt aufs Brot streichst, sondern immer zuerst auf einen Teller tust. «
- Tu das hier rein. ― Put it in here.
- Ich würd noch was Salz an die Kartoffeln tun. ― I would add some more salt to the potatoes.
- (chiefly colloquial, with “es”) to work, to function
- Synonym: funktionieren
- Die Uhr tut’s nicht mehr. ― The clock doesn’t work anymore.
- (chiefly colloquial, but acceptable in writing) Used with the preceding infinitive of another verb to emphasise this verb
- Er singt immer noch gern, aber tanzen tut er gar nicht mehr.
- He still loves singing, but as to dancing, he doesn't do that anymore at all.
- (colloquial, nonstandard) Used with the following infinitive of another verb, often to emphasise the statement
- Ich tu doch zuhören! ― I am listening! (as a response to the reproach that one is not)
- Ich tu das jetzt mal aufräumen. ― I’m cleaning this up now.
- (colloquial, nonstandard) Used in the past subjunctive with the infinitive of another verb to form the conditional tense (instead of standard würde)
- Ich tät mir das noch mal überlegen. ― I would think about that again.
Usage notes
- The verb tun in the sense of “to perform” is not used in combination with nouns. This function is covered by the verb machen: ich mache Sport, wir machen ein Spiel, er macht die Wäsche (“I do sport, we do a game, he does the laundry”). The same is true with pronouns that represent such nouns: Wer macht die Wäsche? – Ich mache sie. (“Who does the laundry? – I do it.”) It is usually ungrammatical to use tun in sentences like these.
- Tun is only used with pronouns that represent actions as a whole: Was tust du? (“What are you doing?”) Ich tue viel für die Umwelt. (“I do a lot for the environment.”) Er tut alles, was sie sagt. (“He does everything she says.”)
- (colloquial, nonstandard): The use of do-support is a feature of several dialects and minority languages in Germany. In the standard language, it is most established along the Rhine. It is somewhat more acceptable when used for emphasis (as in the first example above), but is otherwise often regarded as illiterate (as in the second example). This latter usage is generally associated with lower socio-economic status.
Conjugation
- The 1st person singular present indicative is also (ich) tu.
Derived terms
- abtun
- antun
- auftun
- austun
- betun
- dartun
- dazutun
- geheimtun
- genugtun
- Getue
- gleichtun
- großtun
- guttun
- harttun
- heimlichtun
- heimtun
- heraustun
- herumtun
- hervortun
- hinauftun
- hinaustun
- hineintun
- hintun
- hinüberun
- hinzutun
- kundtun
- leichttun
- leidtun
- mittun
- nachtun
- nottun
- schöntun
- schwertun
- Tun
- Tun und Handeln
- Tunichtgut
- übeltun
- übertun
- vertun
- wegtun
- wehtun
- wichtigtun
- wiedertun
- wohltun
- zugutetun
- zurücktun
- zusammentun
- zutun
- zuvortun
Related terms
- Tat f
Hausa
Preposition
tun
Hlai
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Hlai *tʰun (“language”).
Noun
tun
Etymology 2
From Proto-Hlai *tʰu(n/ɲ) (“to cut”).
Verb
tun
- to cut
Inari Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
Pronoun
tun
- you (singular)
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Mandarin
Romanization
tun
- Nonstandard spelling of tūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of tún.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of tùn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mapudungun
Verb
tun (using Raguileo Alphabet)
- to catch
Conjugation
Infinitive1 | tunael | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | tun- | |||||||||
Tense particles (See particles) |
-a- (future tense) | |||||||||
-pe- (past tense) | ||||||||||
-fu- (distant past tense) | ||||||||||
person | singular | dual | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
Realis mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunn | tunymi | tuny | tunyu | tunymu | tunygu | tunyiñ | tunymvn | tunygvn | |
past | tunpen | tunpeymi | tunpe | tunpeyu | tunpeymu | tunpeygu | tunpeyiñ | tunpeymvn | tunpeygvn | |
distant past | tunfun | tunfuymi | tunfu | tunfuyu | tunfuymu | tunfuygu | tunfuyiñ | tunfuymvn | tunfuygvn | |
future | tunan | tunaymi | tunay | tunayu | tunaymu | tunaygu | tunayiñ | tunaymvn | tunaygvn | |
Conditional mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunli | tunlimi | tunle | tunliyu | tunlimu | tunle egu | tunliyiñ | tunlimvn | tunle egvn | |
Volitive mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunci | tunge | tunpe | tunyu | tunmu | tunpe egu | tunyiñ | tunmvn | tunpe egvn |
Infinitive1 | tunnoael | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tense particles (See particles) |
-a- (future tense) | |||||||||
-pe- (past tense) | ||||||||||
-fu- (distant past tense) | ||||||||||
person | singular | dual | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
Realis mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunlan | tunlaymi | tunlay | tunlayu | tunlaymu | tunlaygu | tunlayiñ | tunlaymvn | tunlaygvn | |
past | tunlapen | tunlapeymi | tunlapey | tunlapeyu | tunlapeymu | tunlapeygu | tunlapeyiñ | tunlapeymvn | tunlapeygvn | |
distant past | tunlafun | tunlafuymi | tunlafuy | tunlafuyu | tunlafuymu | tunlafuygu | tunlafuyiñ | tunlafuymvn | tunlafuygvn | |
future | tunlayan | tunlayaymi | tunlayay | tunlayayu | tunlayaymu | tunlayaygu | tunlayayiñ | tunlayaymvn | tunlayaygvn | |
Conditional mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunnoli | tunnolimi | tunnole | tunnoliyu | tunnolimu | tunnole egu | tunnoliyiñ | tunnolimvn | tunnole egvn | |
Volitive mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn | |
present | tunkilci | tunkilge | tunkilpe | tunkilyu | tunkilmu | tunkilpe egu | tunkilyiñ | tunkilmvn | tunkilpe egvn |
Middle English
Noun
tun
- Alternative form of toun
Norman
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
tun m (plural tuns)
Synonyms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse tún. Akin to English town.
Pronunciation
Noun
tun n (definite singular tunet, indefinite plural tun, definite plural tuna)
- courtyard, front yard (the area in front of, around or between houses, particularly on a farm)
- 1996, Jon Fosse, Nokon kjem til å komme:
- I tunet framfor eit gammalt ganske forfallent hus […]
- In the front yard in front of an old, rather dilapidated house […]
- I tunet framfor eit gammalt ganske forfallent hus […]
- 1996, Jon Fosse, Nokon kjem til å komme:
- farmstead (collection of buildings and the area between them on a farm)
References
- “tun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *tūną (“enclosure”).
Pronunciation
Noun
tūn m
- an enclosed piece of ground, an enclosure or garden
- the enclosed ground belonging to an individual dwelling
- the group of houses on an area of enclosed land, a homestead
- a large inhabited place, a town
Declension
Related terms
Descendants
See also
- dōn (“to place, put, set”)
Old French
Pronoun
tun m (feminine ta)
- (Anglo-Norman) your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)
Synonyms
- vostre (second-person plural form)
Romanian
Etymology
Inherited from Latin tonus (the original meaning being "thunderclap", as with the Romance cognates). See also the doublet ton (“tone”), borrowed through French.
Noun
tun n (plural tunuri)
- cannon
- (archaic, popular) thunderclap
Related terms
Romansch
Alternative forms
Etymology
Noun
tun m
Spanish
Noun
tun m (plural tunes)
- A Pre-Hispanic percussion instrument from Guatemala, consisting of a hollow wooden block with slits in the sides
Tetum
Verb
tun
- to descend
Yámana
Noun
tun
- English terms derived from Middle English
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- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ʌn
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- en:Brewing
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- en:Snails
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- Aromanian terms inherited from Latin
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- lic:Language
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- es:Musical instruments
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