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See also:
U+8C9E, 貞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9E

[U+8C9D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8C9F]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 154, +2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月山金 (YBUC), four-corner 21806, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3622, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8C9E

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𠨀
𣦵
𭾛

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) - a ding (oracle bone script , ; same as (OC *kleːŋʔ)). Borrowed for “to divine”. Later (“to divine”) was added as a semantic component (oracle bone script ; bronze script ).

Etymology

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Various comparisons have been proposed. Within Chinese, it has been compared to (OC *tʰeŋ, “to test; to detect”) (Schuessler, 2007), (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; right”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Outside of Chinese, it has been compared to Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, straight) (Sagart, 2020b).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
/t͡sən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡seŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sən⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡seŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /teiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡seŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (9)
Final () (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter trjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈiajŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȶiɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȶĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȶi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhēn zhēn
Middle
Chinese
‹ trjeng › ‹ trjeng ›
Old
Chinese
/*treŋ/ /*treŋ/
English straight; correct divine (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17027
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*teŋ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. virtuous; chaste; pure
  2. loyal; faithful
      ―  zhōngzhēn  ―  loyal and steadfast
  3. to divine

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. virtue, faithfulness, uprighteousness
  2. chastity

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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(jeong) (hangeul , revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: trinh, riêng, tranh

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