乎

See also: 平

Translingual

Han character

乎 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹火木 (HFD), four-corner 2040₉, composition ⿻𠂌丷)

Derived characters

• 呼 謼

Descendants

• ヲ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 131
• Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 36, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4E4E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		乎
alternative forms		𠂞 𠂠 齁 Hokkien question particle

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乎
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j11586 j11587 j11588 j11589 j11590 j11591 j11592 j11593 j11594 j11595 j11596 j11597 j11598 j11599 j11600 j11601 j11602 j11603 j11604 j11605 j11606 j11607 j11608 j11609 j11610 j11611 j11612 j11613 j11614 j11615 j11616 j11617 j11618 j11619 j11620 j11621 j11622 j11623 j11624 j11625 j11626 j11627 j11628 j11629 j11630 j11631 j11632 j11633 j11634 j11635 j11636 j11637 j11638 j11639 j11640 j11641 j11642 j11643 j11644 j11645 j11646 j11647 j11648 j11649 j11650 j11651 j11652 j11653 j11654 j11655 j11656 j11657 j11658 j11659 j11660 j11661 j11662 j11663 j11664 j11665 j11666 j11667 j11668 j11669 j11670 j11671 j11672 j11673 j11674 j11675 j11676 j11677 j11678 j11679 j11680 j11681 j11682 j11683 j11684 j11685 j11686 j11687 j11688 j11689 j11690 j11691 j11692 Bronze inscriptions b07119 b07120 b07121 b07122 b07123 b07124 b07125 b07126 b07127 b07128 b07129 b07130 b07131 b07132 b07133 b07134 b07135 b07136 b07137 b07138 b07139 b07140 b07141 b07142 b07143 b07144 b07145 b07146 b07147 b07148 b07149 b07150 b07151 b07152 b07153 b07154 b07155 b07156 b07157 b07158 b07159 b07160 Small seal script s03512 Transcribed ancient scripts L03355 L03356 L03357
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
罅	*qʰraːs
呼	*qʰaː
軤	*qʰaː
苸	*qʰaː
嘑	*qʰaː
歑	*qʰaː
謼	*qʰaː, *qʰaːs
滹	*qʰaː
乎	*ɢaː
虖	*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
嫭	*ɢaːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaː) : semantic [Term?] (“wind; air”) + phonetic 丂 (OC *kʰluːʔ) – original form of 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to call; to cry”). Compare 兮 (OC *ɢeː).

Etymology 1

in; at; on

Attrited or unstressed form of 於 (OC *qa) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乎

1. in; at; on
2. ^† A suffix placed after adjectives and adverbs to express praise or amazement.
3. ^† Sentence-final interrogative particle.

   • 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū? [Pinyin]

     Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?

4. ^† Sentence-final exclamatory particle.
5. ^† Sentence-final imperative particle.
6. ^† Sentence-final speculative particle.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乎

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 予 (hō͘).

   • 嫁乎你是阮今生的願望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     嫁乎你是阮今生的愿望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2015, (deprecated template usage) 曹雅雯 and (deprecated template usage) 許富凱, 今生的願望

     Kè hō͘ lí sī gún kim-seng ê goān-bāng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Getting married to you is my wish in this life.

   • 看你為伊咧傷心，乎我心內像針揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     看你为伊咧伤心，乎我心内像针揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2017, (deprecated template usage) 蔡佳麟, 心‧離開

     Khòaⁿ lí ūi i teh siong-sim, hō͘ góa sim-lāi chhiūⁿ chiam ui. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Seeing you grieve over him makes my heart feel like it is poked with a needle.

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Japanese

Kanji

乎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go); お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: よ (yo, 乎); かな (kana, 乎); ああ (ā, 乎); や (ya, 乎); か (ka, 乎); を (o, 乎)

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Korean

Hanja

乎 (eumhun 어조사 호 (eojosa ho))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乎

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Vietnamese

Han character

乎: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

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