約
See also: 约
Translingual
Han character
約 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火心戈 (VFPI) or 女火心一 (VFPM), four-corner 27920, composition ⿰糹勺)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 15
- Unihan data for U+7D04
Chinese
trad. | 約 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 约 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 約 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
豹 | *preːwɢs |
趵 | *preːwɢs, *preːwɢ |
尥 | *breːw, *b·reːwɢs |
箹 | *ʔreːwɢs, *ʔreːwɢ |
杓 | *plew, *pʰlew, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
約 | *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ |
扚 | *pleːwʔ, *pleːwɢ |
釣 | *pleːwɢs |
瘹 | *teːwɢs |
芍 | *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
酌 | *pljewɢ |
灼 | *pljewɢ |
勺 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
彴 | *pljewɢ |
犳 | *pljewɢ |
妁 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
汋 | *bljewɢ, *sbreːwɢ |
仢 | *bljewɢ |
葯 | *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ |
礿 | *lewɢ |
肑 | *preːwɢ, *pleːwɢ |
瓝 | *breːwɢ |
的 | *pleːwɢ |
靮 | *pleːwɢ |
馰 | *pleːwɢ |
玓 | *pleːwɢ |
魡 | *pleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): joek3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yok
- Northern Min (KCR): iŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): iók / ióh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 7iaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yue
- Wade–Giles: yüeh1
- Yale: ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
- Palladius: юэ (jue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yao
- Wade–Giles: yao1
- Yale: yāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: yāo - only the sense of “to weigh on a balance or scale”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek3
- Yale: yeuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek8
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: iog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iók / ióh
- Sinological IPA (key): /yɔʔ²⁴/, /yɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- iók - literary;
- ióh - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok
- Tâi-lô: iok
- Phofsit Daibuun: iog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
- Tâi-lô: iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: iag
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /iak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Note:
- iok/iak - literary;
- ioh - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iag4 / ioh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iak / ioh
- Sinological IPA (key): /iak̚²/, /ioʔ²/
Note:
- iag4 - literary;
- ioh4 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 約 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /yɛ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /iau⁴⁴/ /yɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ye²¹/ | |
Jinan | /yə²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /yə⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /yo²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /yo²¹/ | |
Xining | /yu⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ye¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /yə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /yɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /io²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /yo³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /io²¹/ | |
Kunming | /io³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ioʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /yɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /yaʔ⁴³/ 大~ /iɔ³¹/ ~一~ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /iaʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /iɑʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔiɑʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /j̠a²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iɔʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /io⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /io²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /io²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /iɔʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iok̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒok̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœk̚²/ |
Nanning | /jœk̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /jœk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔk̚³²/ /ioʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yɔʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iak̚²/ /ioʔ²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /iɔk̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'jak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)ewk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢ/
Definitions
- † to bundle up; to bind
- † rope; cord
- † to restrain; to limit; to keep under control
- to make an appointment; to arrange
- appointment; meeting; arrangement
- treaty; agreement; covenant; pact
- to invite or ask in advance
- † to hinder; to block
- † to save; to economise
- † frugal; economical; thrifty
- † brief; concise; succinct
- † poor; humble; low-ranking
- (mathematics) to reduce (a fraction)
- † to prepare; to equip
- † to seek; to pursue
- † to estimate; to approximate; to reckon
- (colloquial) to weigh; to weigh on a balance or scale
- about; approximately
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]ewk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢs/
Definitions
- † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 要 (yāo, “gist”).
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dì
- Wade–Giles: ti4
- Yale: dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
- Palladius: ди (di)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- † cord for the string of a stringed instrument
Japanese
Kanji
約
- Approximately
Readings
- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō); よう (yō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kan-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō); よう (yō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kun: つずまやか (tsuzumayaka, 約); つずめる (tsuzumeru, 約める)
Compounds
- 一約 (ichiyaku)
- 契約 (keiyaku): contract, agreement
- 条約 (jōyaku): treaty
- 予約 (yoyaku): reservation, appointment
Kanji in this term |
---|
約 |
やく Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Adverb
- about, approximately
- 約一ヶ月
- yaku iggagetsu
- approximately one month
- 宇宙の直径は約 930億光年だ。
- Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.
- The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.
- 約一ヶ月
References
Korean
Hanja
約 • (yak, yo) (hangeul 약, 요, revised yak, yo, McCune–Reischauer yak, yo, Yale yak, yo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 約 (ước, yêu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Sichuanese adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Northern Min adverbs
- Eastern Min adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- zh:Mathematics
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 4 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading やく
- Japanese kanji with goon reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading えう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading やく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading えう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つずまやか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つず-める
- Japanese terms spelled with 約 read as やく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 約
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters