蛙
Translingual
Han character
蛙 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈土土 (LIGG), four-corner 54114, composition ⿰虫圭)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1081, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1549, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2847, character 3
- Unihan data for U+86D9
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
蛙 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 鼃 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
街 | *kreː, *kreː |
鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
佳 | *kreː |
鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
啀 | *ŋreː |
厓 | *ŋreː |
捱 | *ŋreː |
睚 | *ŋreːs |
娃 | *qreː |
洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
溎 | *qeːns |
觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
窪 | *qʷraː |
卦 | *kʷreːs |
挂 | *kʷreːs |
掛 | *kʷreːs |
詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
圭 | *kʷeː |
珪 | *kʷeː |
邽 | *kʷeː |
閨 | *kʷeː |
袿 | *kʷeː |
窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
桂 | *kʷeːs |
筀 | *kʷeːs |
奎 | *kʰʷeː |
刲 | *kʰʷeː |
蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
楏 | *kʰʷeː |
睳 | *qʰʷeː |
畦 | *ɡʷeː |
眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
恚 | *qʷes |
硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Onomatopoeic?”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): waa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vâ
- Northern Min (KCR): uá
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wa
- Wade–Giles: wa1
- Yale: wā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
- Palladius: ва (va)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: waa1
- Yale: wā
- Cantonese Pinyin: waa1
- Guangdong Romanization: wa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /waː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vâ
- Hakka Romanization System: va´
- Hagfa Pinyim: va1
- Sinological IPA: /va²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 蛙 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ua⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ua²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /vɑ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /va⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /va²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ua²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ua²¹/ | |
Xining | /ua⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /va⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /va⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /va⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ua⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ua⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ua⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ua̠⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /uɑ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ua²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /va¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /uɑ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /va³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /o⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /o⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔuɑ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /o³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ua³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ua¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ua³³/ |
Xiangtan | /uɒ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /uɑ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /va⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wa⁵⁵/ |
Nanning | /wa⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /wa⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ua⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ua⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ua⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ua³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ua²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'wea, 'wae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷˤre/, /*qʷˤre/, /*m-qʷˤre/, /*m-qʷˤre/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʷraː/, /*qʷreː/
Definitions
Synonyms
Compounds
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Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
- Wade–Giles: chüeh2
- Yale: jywé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
- Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 蝭蛙.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: え (e)←ゑ (we, historical)
- Kan-on: わ (wa); わい (wai)
- Kan’yō-on: あ (a)
- Kun: かえる (kaeru, 蛙)←かへる (kaferu, 蛙, historical); かわず (kawazu, 蛙)←かはづ (kafadu, 蛙, historical)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛙 |
かえる Hyōgaiji |
kun'yomi |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/
From Old Japanese.
Only found once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree.[1] Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).[2]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:
- Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn
- Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles
- Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru
The phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru.[3] This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.
Now the most common term for frog.
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
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- a frog (amphibious animal)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カエル.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛙 |
かわず Hyōgaiji |
kun'yomi |
⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/
The more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above).[2] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[4]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).
The phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.[5]
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)
- (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person
Derived terms
- 井の中の蛙大海を知らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): “a frog in a well does not know the great ocean” → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛙 |
かいる Hyōgaiji |
kun'yomi |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/
Sound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.[6]
Pronunciation
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Noun
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛙 |
あ Hyōgaiji |
kan'yōon |
Affix
- frog (amphibious animal)
Derived terms
See also
- 蟇蛙 (hikigaeru, “toad”)
- 御玉杓子 (otamajakushi, “tadpole”)
References
- ^ , text here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column
- ^ , text here
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][3] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)
Korean
Hanja
蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 蛙 (oa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
- Translingual lemmas
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- Uncommon kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading え
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ゑ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading わ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading わい
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading あ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かえる
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading かへる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かわず
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading かはづ
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛙 read as かえる
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛙 read as かわず
- Japanese lemmas
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- ja:Theater
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛙 read as かいる
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- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 蛙 read as あ
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- ja:Amphibians
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