ic

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ic"

Translingual

Alternative forms

• (roman numeral): IC, XCIX, xcix

Symbol

ic

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing ninety-nine (99).

See also

• Previous: iic (ninety-eight, 98)
• Next: c (one hundred, 100)

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K'iche'

Noun

ic

1. (Classical K'iche') chile

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. The accusative and dative are Old Dutch mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz, originally only the dative form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪk/

Pronoun

ic

1. I

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	ic	du	hi	si	het	wi	gi	si
accusative	mi	di	hem, hen	haer		ons	u	hem, hen
dative					hem, hen
genitive	mijn	dijn	sijn	haer	sijn	onse	uwe	haer

Descendants

• Dutch: ik, ick, ikke
  • Afrikaans: ek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
  • Jersey Dutch: äk
  • Petjo: ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

Further reading

• “ic”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “ic”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

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Middle English

Pronoun

ic

1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

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Old English

Alternative forms

• ih, iċċ

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Germanic cognates include Old Frisian ik, Old Saxon ik, Old Dutch ik (Dutch ik), Old High German ih (German ich), Old Norse ek (Swedish jag), Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik). The Indo-European root, in various forms, is also the source of Sanskrit अहम् (ahám), Latin egō (French je, Spanish yo, Italian io etc.), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Lithuanian aš, Latvian es, Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 (azəm), Old Church Slavonic азъ (azŭ) (Russian я (ja), Bulgarian аз (az)), Old Armenian ես (es). For declined derivations, see under mē, wē etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /it͡ʃ/

Pronoun

iċ

1. I

   Iċ lufiġe þē.

   I love you.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:20

     Iċ hit eom. Ne ondrǣdaþ ēow.

     It's me [literally I am it]. Don't be scared.

   • The Life of Saint Margaret

     Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.

     I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.

Usage notes

In modern English, object pronouns are often used as subjects in a wide variety of circumstances ("Me and her are friends", "you're as big as me"). In Old English only subject pronouns were used as subjects (except with a small class of verbs such as līcian, mǣtan, and twēoġan, which took dative or accusative subjects with nouns and pronouns alike). Thus "me and her are friends" was Iċ and hēo sind frīend, literally "I and she are friends." Other examples: Þū eart swā miċel swā iċ! ("You're as big as me!", lit. "as I"), Ġē dōþ simle swelċe ġē beteran bēon þonne iċ ("You guys always act like you're better than me", lit. "I"), Iċ hit eom ("It's me", lit. "I it am").

Declension

Old English personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	first person		iċ	mē, mec	mē	mīn
	second person		þū	þē, þec	þē	þīn
	third person	neuter	hit		him	his
		masculine	hē	hine
		feminine	hēo	hīe	hire
dual	first person		wit	unc, uncit	unc	uncer
	second person		ġit	inc, incit	inc	incer
plural	first person		wē	ūs, ūsiċ	ūs	ūre, ūser
	second person		ġē	ēow, ēowic	ēow	ēower
	third person		hīe		him	heora

Descendants

• Southern Middle English: ich
  • English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)
• Northern Middle English: ik
  • Scots: ik (rare)
• Later Middle English: I
  • English: I
  • Scots: A, I

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ic

1. Alternative spelling of ik

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu
Dative	ūs		im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Descendants

• Low German: ik

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian ék.

Noun

ic n (plural icuri)

1. wedge

Declension

Declension of ic

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ic	icul	(niște) icuri	icurile
genitive/dative	(unui) ic	icului	(unor) icuri	icurilor
vocative	icule		icurilor