kost

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See also: Kost, köst, kosť, and køst

Cornish

Noun 1

kost m (plural kostys or kostow)

  1. cost, charge, expense

Derived terms

Noun 2

kost m (plural kostys)

  1. coast, district, region

Mutation

Template:kw mut cons

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kost/
  • audio:(file)

Noun

kost f

  1. bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
  2. (colloquial) girl, woman

Declension

Template:cs-decl-noun-auto

Derived terms

Derived terms

Template:der-mid

Further reading

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia daWikipedia da

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔst/, [kʰʌsd̥]

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)

  1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
  2. diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
  3. board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

Etymology 2

From *Old Norse kvǫstr, from Middle Low German quast (“brush, tassel”).

Pronunciation

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)

  1. broom, besom
  2. brush
Inflection
Declension of kost
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kost kosten koste kostene
genitive kosts kostens kostes kostenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Noun

kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)

  1. cost, price
  2. (in the plural) expenses
  3. (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
  4. food, nourishment
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: kos

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

kost

  1. (deprecated template usage) first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of kosten
  2. (deprecated template usage) imperative of kosten

Anagrams

German

Pronunciation

Verb

kost

  1. inflection of kosen:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person plural present subjunctive
    3. second-person plural imperative

Hungarian

Etymology

kos +‎ -t

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkoʃt]
  • Hyphenation: kost

Noun

kost

  1. accusative singular of kos

Icelandic

Noun

Template:is-noun form

  1. indefinite accusative singular of kostur

Latvian

Etymology

From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫdsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ̀сам (kǎ̀sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)

  1. to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
    kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread
    kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
    kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
    desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
    Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
    smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
  2. to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
    kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple
    Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
  3. to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
    Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
    kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
  4. (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
    viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
  5. to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
    čūska kož ― the snake bites
    svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite
    vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep
    kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
    odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
    mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy
    visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
  6. (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
    vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
  7. (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
    visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
  8. (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
    salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
    saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass
  9. (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
    rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it
    laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
  10. to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
    sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue
    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
    laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp
    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
    rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin
  11. (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
  12. (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
    zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well
    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
  13. to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
    kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white
  14. to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

Conjugation

conjugation of kost
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es kožu kodu kodīšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu kod kodi kodīsi kod
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa kož koda kodīs lai kož
1st pers. pl. mēs kožam kodām kodīsim kodīsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs kožat kodāt kodīsiet,
kodīsit 		kodiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas kož koda kodīs lai kož
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present kožot Present Active 1 (Adj.) kodošs
Past esot kodis Present Active 2 (Adv.) kozdams
Future kodīšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) kožot
Imperative lai kožot Present Active 4 (Obj.) kožam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active kodis
Present kostu Present Passive kožams
Past būtu kodis Past Passive kosts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jākož Infinitive (nenoteiksme) kost
Conjunctive 1 esot jākož Negative Infinitive nekost
Conjunctive 2 jākožot Verbal noun košana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

Template:mid4

Template:mid4

Template:mid4

other derived terms:

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)

  1. a broom or brush
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

  1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
  2. board
    kost og losji - board and lodging
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Verb

kost

  1. past participle of kose
  2. (deprecated template usage) imperative of koste

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)

  1. a broom or brush
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr

Pronunciation

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

  1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
  2. board
    kost og losji - board and lodging

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

kost

  1. (deprecated template usage) indefinite singular past participle of kosa

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

kost

  1. imperative of kosta

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Verb

kost

  1. imperative of kosta

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Noun

kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)

  1. a bone

Declension

Declension of kost
singular plural
nominative kȏst kȍsti
genitive kosti kòstī / kòstijū
dative kosti kostima
accusative kost kosti
vocative kosti kosti
locative kosti kostima
instrumental kȍsti / kȍšću kostima

Derived terms

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kost.

Noun

kost m

  1. bone

Declension

    declension of kost (inan series-1a masc cons-stem)
singular plural
nominative kost
 kosta
genitive kosta
 kosti
dative kostu
 kosti
accusative kost
 kosta
locative kostu
 kosta
instrumental kostom, kostam
 kosti

References

  • Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь.

Pronunciation

Noun

kọ̑st f

  1. bone

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. kóst
gen. sing. kostí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		kóst kostí kostí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		kostí kostí kostí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		kôsti kostéma kostém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		kóst kostí kostí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		kôsti kostéh kostéh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		kostjó kostéma kostmí

Further reading

  • “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

Noun

kost c

  1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)

Declension

Declension of kost 
Uncountable
Indefinite Definite
Nominative kost kosten — —
Genitive kosts kostens — —

Anagrams

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