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sinus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Sinus, sínus, and sinüs

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sinus (plural sinuses)

  1. (anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).
    Hyponyms: ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, paranasal sinus, piriform sinus, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus, sphenoid sinus
  2. (anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.
    Hyponyms: carotid sinus, cavernous sinus, coronary sinus, lateral sinus, petrosal sinus, sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, venous sinus
    1. (physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.
  3. (pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
  4. (botany) A rounded notch or depression between two lobes or teeth in the margin of a leaf or petal.
  5. (geography) A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.
  6. (trigonometry) Synonym of sine.
    • 1884 November 29, “Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures, volume LI, number 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., translation of original by Victor Tatin in La Nature, page 342, column 1:
      So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.
    • 1996, Pentti Zetterberg, Matti Eronen, Markus Lindholm, “Construction of a 7500-Year Tree-Ring Record for Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) in Northern Fennoscandia and its Application to Growth Variation and Palaeoclimatic Studies”, in Heinrich Spiecker, Kari Mielikäinen, Michael Köhl, Jens Peter Skovsgaard, editors, Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 15:
      The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.
    • 2007, Vladimir G. Ivancevic, Tijana T. Ivancevic, “Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, →LCCN, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind), pages 60–61:
      Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.

Derived terms

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Translations

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References

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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus. Doublet of gji.

Noun

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sinus m

  1. (trigonometry) sine

Further reading

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  • “sinus”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[1], 1980

Catalan

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sinus m (invariable)

  1. sine

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Czech

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈsɪnus]
  • Hyphenation: si‧nus

Noun

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sinus m inan

  1. (trigonometry) sine
  2. (anatomy) sinus

Declension

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Declension of sinus (hard masculine inanimate foreign)
singular plural
nominative sinus sinusy, siny
genitive sinusu, sinu sinusů, sinů
dative sinusu, sinu sinusům, sinům
accusative sinus sinusy, siny
vocative sinuse, sine sinusy, siny
locative sinusu, sinuse, sinu sinusech, sinech
instrumental sinusem, sinem sinusy, siny
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Further reading

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Danish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Noun

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sinus c (singular definite sinussen, plural indefinite sinusser)

  1. (trigonometry) sine

Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sinus m (plural sinussen, diminutive sinusje n)

  1. (trigonometry) sine
  2. sinus

Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: sinus, sinusse
  • → Indonesian: sinus
  • → Malay: sinus
  • → Papiamentu: sinùs

French

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin sinus. Doublet of sein.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sinus m (invariable)

  1. (anatomy) sinus
  2. (trigonometry) sine
    Coordinate terms: cosinus, tangente, cotangente, sécante, cosécante

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sinus (plural sinus-sinus)

  1. sinus:
    1. (anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus)
    2. (pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface
  2. (trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Italic *sinus, from Proto-Indo-European *sinos. Akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).[1]

    The mathematical sense “chord of an arc, sine” was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

    1. (chiefly poetic) a bent surface; a curve, fold, hollow
    2. (literal) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap
      Synonym: gremium
      1. (transferred sense)
        1. a purse, money (which was carried in the bosom of the toga)
        2. (poetic) a garment
          • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.431–432:
            […] ‘comitēs, accēdite’ dīxit
            ‘et mēcum plēnōs flōre referte sinūs.’
            ‘Come, my companions,’ she said,
            ‘and carry back flowers with me, filling the folds of your garments.’
        3. the bosom, breast
          Synonym: pectus
          • c. 731 CE, Beda Presbyter, Historia ecclesiastica 3.2:
            Quī cum sedēns ad mēnsam nōn habēret ad manum, ubi oblātum sibi mūnus repōneret, mīsit hoc in sinum sibi.
            Having nowhere to put what had been brought him when sitting at the table, he shoved it into his bosom.
      2. (figurative)
        1. the bosom for love, protection, asylum
        2. the interior, inmost part of a thing
        3. a power, possession of someone
        4. a hiding place, place of concealment; a secret feeling
    3. a gulf, bay, bight
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.159–161:
        Est in sēcessū longō locus: īnsula portum
        efficit obiectū laterum, quibus omnis ab altō
        frangitur inque sinūs scindit sēsē unda reductōs.
        After long sailing comes land: here an island, its sides jutting round, forms a haven, against which every wave [coming] from the deep sea shatters, and spreads itself into the hollows of the bay.
      1. the land lying on or a point of land that helps to form a gulf
      2. a basin, hollow, valley
      3. (Medieval Latin) a fjord
    4. (Medieval Latin, mathematics) the chord of an arc; a sine
    Request for quotations This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes, then please add them!
    Inflection
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    Fourth-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative sinus sinūs
    genitive sinūs sinuum
    dative sinuī sinibus
    accusative sinum sinūs
    ablative sinū sinibus
    vocative sinus sinūs
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Descendants
    • Insular Romance:
    • Balkano-Romance:
    • Italo-Dalmatian:
    • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Gallo-Italic:
      • Piedmontese: sen
    • Gallo-Romance:
    • Ibero-Romance:

    Borrowings:

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁ih₂sno-, deverbative of *seh₁y- (“to sift, strain”) (compare Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō), Lithuanian sijóti, Serbo-Croatian sȉjati).[2]

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sīnus m (genitive sīnī); second declension

    1. (pre-classical) alternative form of sīnum (“large round drinking vessel”)
    Inflection
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    Second-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative sīnus sīnī
    genitive sīnī sīnōrum
    dative sīnō sīnīs
    accusative sīnum sīnōs
    ablative sīnō sīnīs
    vocative sīne sīnī

    References

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    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sinus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
    2. ^ Douglas Q. Adams (1997), “Sieve”, in J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams, editors, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, page 518

    Further reading

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    • “sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “sinum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "sinus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • “sinus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
      • the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
      • to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
      • to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
      • (ambiguous) to be driven into the arms of philosophy: in sinum philosophiae compelli
    • “sinus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “sinus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

    Northern Sami

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    Pronunciation

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    This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

    Noun

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    sinus

    1. locative singular of sitnu

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia no

    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

    Noun

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    sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinuser, definite plural sinusene)

    1. (trigonometry) sine
    2. (anatomy) sinus
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    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

    Noun

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    sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinusar, definite plural sinusane)

    1. (trigonometry) sine
    2. (anatomy) sinus
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    References

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    Polish

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    sinus

    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from New Latin sinus.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sinus m inan (related adjective sinusowy)

    1. (trigonometry) sine, sinus (in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse)
      Hypernym: funkcja trygonometryczna
      Coordinate terms: cosecans, cosinus, cotangens, secans, tangens

    Declension

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    Declension of sinus
    singular plural
    nominative sinus sinusy
    genitive sinusa/sinusu sinusów
    dative sinusowi sinusom
    accusative sinus sinusy
    instrumental sinusem sinusami
    locative sinusie sinusach
    vocative sinusie sinusy
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    adjective
    adverb
    noun

    Further reading

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    • sinus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • sinus in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from French sinus, from Latin sinus.

    Noun

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    sinus n (plural sinusuri)

    1. sine (trigonometric function)

    Swedish

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    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.

    Noun

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    sinus c

    1. (trigonometry) sine
    2. (anatomy) sinus

    Declension

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    No inflected forms. sinus is used for the definite singular.

    Further reading

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    Veps

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    Pronoun

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    sinus

    1. inessive of sinä
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