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See also: and
U+91CB, 釋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CB

[U+91CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+91CC]

Translingual

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Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 165, +13, 20 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田中十 (HDWLJ), four-corner 26941, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40129
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3900, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+91CB

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic (distinguish) + phonetic (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

Etymology

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Buddhist monastic surname

Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní).

沙門不同以為大師 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
沙门不同以为大师 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 高僧傳
Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin]
At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/ɕiɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì
Middle
Chinese
‹ syek ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥Ak/
English release; dissolve

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15134
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljaɡ/

Definitions

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  1. to explain; to elucidate
  2. to release
  3. (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”).
  4. 21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚)
  5. a surname (customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しゃく) (shaku)
  • Korean: 석(釋) (seok)
  • Vietnamese: Thích ()

Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
  • Kan-on: せき (seki)
  • Kun: とく (toku, 釋く)すてる (suteru, 釋てる)ゆるす (yurusu, 釋す)

Korean

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Hanja

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(seok) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: thích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.