敏
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]敏 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人卜人大 (OYOK), four-corner 88540, composition ⿰每攵)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13202
- Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 1
- Unihan data for U+654F
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
敏 | |
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alternative forms | 勄 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 敏 |
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Western Zhou |
Bronze inscriptions |
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Old Chinese | |
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脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ) : phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ) + semantic 攴 (“hand; action”). The 攴 component was sometimes written as 又 (“hand”) in early writing.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): man5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mén
- Eastern Min (BUC): mīng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
- Wade–Giles: min3
- Yale: mǐn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
- Palladius: минь (minʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: man5
- Yale: máhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: man5
- Guangdong Romanization: men5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén
- Hakka Romanization System: menˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: men3
- Sinological IPA: /men³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- miang2 - Shantou;
- miêng2 - Chaozhou.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 敏 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /min²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /min²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /min¹³/ | |
Jinan | /miẽ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /miə̃⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /min⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /miẽ⁵³/ | |
Xining | /miə̃⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /miŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /mĩn⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /miŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /min⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /min⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /min⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /mĩ⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /min²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /min²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /miəŋ⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /miŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /mĩŋ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /miŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /min⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /min⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /meŋ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /miʌ̃³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /min³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /min⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /min⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /min²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /men³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /mien²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐn²³/ |
Nanning | /mɐn²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /mɐn¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bin⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /miŋ³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /meiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /miaŋ⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /min²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: minX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯʔ/, /*mrɯŋʔ/
Definitions
[edit]敏
Compounds
[edit]- 不敏 (bùmǐn)
- 伶俐聰敏/伶俐聪敏
- 俊敏
- 光敏作用
- 光敏症
- 勤敏
- 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ)
- 心閑手敏/心闲手敏
- 恪敏
- 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
- 敏士
- 敏感 (mǐngǎn)
- 敏感度
- 敏感話題/敏感话题
- 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
- 敏捷 (mǐnjié)
- 敏於伎/敏于伎
- 敏給/敏给
- 敏練慈愷/敏练慈恺
- 敏豆 (mǐndòu)
- 敏贍/敏赡
- 敏銳/敏锐 (mǐnruì)
- 敬謝不敏/敬谢不敏
- 機敏/机敏 (jīmǐn)
- 熱敏性/热敏性
- 熱敏電阻/热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
- 神經過敏/神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
- 穎敏/颖敏
- 精敏
- 聰敏/聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
- 膚敏/肤敏
- 西敏宮/西敏宫
- 西敏寺 (Xīmǐnsì)
- 辨敏
- 過敏/过敏 (guòmǐn)
- 過敏原/过敏原
- 遜志時敏/逊志时敏
- 銳敏/锐敏 (ruìmǐn)
- 開敏/开敏
- 靈敏/灵敏 (língmǐn)
- 靈敏度/灵敏度
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 敏 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
敏 敏 or 敏+ ︀ ?
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敏󠄀 敏+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
敏󠄃 敏+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]敏
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 敏)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: みん (min)
- Kan-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
- Kun: さとい (satoi, 敏い)←さとし (satosi, 敏し, historical)、とし (toshi, 敏し)
- Nanori: あきら (akira)、さと (sato)、さとし (satoshi)、すすむ (susumu)、つとむ (tsutomu)、と (to)、とし (toshi)、はや (haya)、はやし (hayashi)、はる (haru)、みぬ (minu)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]- 敏感 (binkan, “sensitivity”)
Kanji in this term |
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敏 |
びん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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敏 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 敏 (MC minX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]敏 • (bin) -na (adnominal 敏な (bin na), adverbial 敏に (bin ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 敏
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 敏だろ | びんだろ | bin daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
Terminal (終止形) | 敏だ | びんだ | bin da |
Attributive (連体形) | 敏な | びんな | bin na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 敏なら | びんなら | bin nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 敏であれ | びんであれ | bin de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 敏ではない 敏じゃない |
びんではない びんじゃない |
bin de wa nai bin ja nai |
Informal past | 敏だった | びんだった | bin datta |
Informal negative past | 敏ではなかった 敏じゃなかった |
びんではなかった びんじゃなかった |
bin de wa nakatta bin ja nakatta |
Formal | 敏です | びんです | bin desu |
Formal negative | 敏ではありません 敏じゃありません |
びんではありません びんじゃありません |
bin de wa arimasen bin ja arimasen |
Formal past | 敏でした | びんでした | bin deshita |
Formal negative past | 敏ではありませんでした 敏じゃありませんでした |
びんではありませんでした びんじゃありませんでした |
bin de wa arimasen deshita bin ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
Conditional | 敏なら(ば) | びんなら(ば) | bin nara (ba) |
Provisional | 敏だったら | びんだったら | bin dattara |
Volitional | 敏だろう | びんだろう | bin darō |
Adverbial | 敏に | びんに | bin ni |
Degree | 敏さ | びんさ | binsa |
Noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
References
[edit]- ^ “敏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]敏 (eumhun 민첩할 민 (mincheophal min))
- hanja form? of 민 (“nimble, agile”)
- hanja form? of 민 (“quick-witted”)
- hanja form? of 민 (“humble, well-mannered”)
- hanja form? of 민 (“thorough”)
- hanja form? of 민 (“hardworking”)
Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading さと・し
- Japanese kanji with kun reading と・し
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さとし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading すすむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading と
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はや
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はやし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みぬ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
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