代
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
代 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈心 (OIP), four-corner 23240, composition ⿰亻弋)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 386
- Dae Jaweon: page 197, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 113, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4EE3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
代 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 代 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
| ||||||||||||
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 戴 | *ʔl'ɯːɡs |
| 襶 | *tɯːɡs |
| 貸 | *l̥ʰɯːɡs |
| 代 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 袋 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 岱 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 黛 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 玳 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 帒 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 甙 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 酨 | *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 試 | *hljɯɡs |
| 弒 | *hljɯɡs |
| 忒 | *l̥ʰɯːɡ |
| 貣 | *l̥ʰɯːɡ, *l'ɯːɡ |
| 鴏 | *l'ɯːɡ |
| 栻 | *l̥ʰɯɡ, *hljɯɡ |
| 侙 | *l̥ʰɯɡ |
| 恜 | *l̥ʰɯɡ |
| 式 | *hljɯɡ |
| 軾 | *hljɯɡ |
| 拭 | *hljɯɡ |
| 鉽 | *hljɯɡ |
| 烒 | *hljɯɡ |
| 弋 | *lɯɡ |
| 芅 | *lɯɡ |
| 黓 | *lɯɡ |
| 隿 | *lɯɡ |
| 杙 | *lɯɡ |
| 釴 | *lɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 弋 (OC *lɯɡ)
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): doi6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô̤i / dâi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6de
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dài
- Wade–Giles: tai4
- Yale: dài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: doi6
- Yale: doih
- Cantonese Pinyin: doi6
- Guangdong Romanization: doi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thoi / thai
- Hakka Romanization System: toi / tai
- Hagfa Pinyim: toi4 / tai4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoi̯⁵⁵/, /tʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dô̤i / dâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔy²⁴²/, /tɑi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- dô̤i - vernacular;
- dâi - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē
- Tâi-lô: tē
- Phofsit Daibuun: de
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /te³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tēr
- Tâi-lô: tēr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- tē/tēr - vernacular;
- tāi - literary;
- tài - literary (limited, e.g. 交代 (jiāodài)).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: do7 / dai3 / toi3 / toih4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tō / tài / thòi / thoih
- Sinological IPA (key): /to¹¹/, /tai²¹³/, /tʰoi²¹³/, /tʰoiʔ²/
Note:
- do7 - vernacular ("generation / dynasty / period");
- dai3 - literary (in 交代);
- toi3 - semantic ("to act for/as").
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 代 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /tai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /tai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /tɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /tɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /tai⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /tɛ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /tai³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /tai¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /tai²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /tæ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /tae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /te̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /tæ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /tɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /de²³/ |
| Suzhou | /de̞³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /de̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /de²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /tə¹¹/ /ta⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tai⁵⁵/ /tai¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /tai⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰoi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʰoi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tɔi²²/ |
| Nanning | /tɔi²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tɔi²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tai²²/ /te²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɔy²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /to⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰoi²¹³/ /to³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdai³⁵/ /ʔdai³³/ /ʔde²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dojH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤək-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːɡs/
Definitions
- to replace; to take the place of
- to act for; to do something on behalf of
- to act as; to be the acting (president etc.)
- generation; age group
- historical period; era
- date; age
- dynasty; line of rulers
- (geology) era
- (grammar) Short for 代名詞／代名词 (dàimíngcí); short for 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”).
- (historical geography) Short for 代國／代国 (Dàiguó, “state of Dai”).
- a surname
Compounds
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Etymology 2
From 事 (OC *zrɯs).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāi
Definitions
Compounds
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Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 代 – see 戴 (“to wear something on the head; to carry on the head; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 戴). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
Kanji
代
Readings
- Go-on: だい (dai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kun: かわる (kawaru, 代わる, Jōyō); かわる (kawaru, 代る); かわり (kawari, 代り); かわり (kawari, 代わり); かえる (kaeru, 代える, Jōyō); よ (yo, 代, Jōyō); しろ (shiro, 代, Jōyō)
- Nanori: す (su)
Compounds
Derived terms
- 代わる, 代る (kawaru, “succeed, relieve”)
- 代わり, 代り (kawari, “substitute, replacement”)
- 代わり, 代り (-gawari, “substitute for”)
- 代える (kaeru, “replace, exchange”)
- 代え (kae, “change, alteration”)
- 代代, 代々 (daidai), 代代, 代々 (yoyo, “for generations”)
- 代案 (daian, “alternate plan”)
- 代位 (daī, “subrogation, substitution”)
- 代印 (daīn, “signing by proxy”)
- 代員 (daīn, “proxy”)
- 代演 (daien, “substitute for another”)
- 代価 (daika, “price, cost”)
- 代官 (daikan, “Edo-period prefectural governor”)
- 代艦 (daikan, “replacement warship”)
- 代願 (daigan, “praying by proxy”)
- 代議 (daigi, “representing others in a conference”)
- 代休 (daikyū, “compensatory holiday”)
- 代金 (daikin, “price, payment”)
- 代言 (daigen, “advocacy”)
- 代行 (daikō, “acting as agent”)
- 代講 (daikō, “substitute lecturing”)
- 代作 (daisaku, “ghost-writing”)
- 代参 (daisan, “visiting a temple for another”)
- 代謝 (daisha, “renewal, regeneration”)
- 代車 (daisha, “loaner vehicle”)
- 代署 (daisho, “sign for another”)
- 代書 (daisho, “amanuensis, scribe”)
- 代償 (daishō, “compensation, indemnification”)
- 代将 (daishō, “brigadier general”)
- 代親 (daishin, “godparent”)
- 代診 (daishin, “doctor's assistance”)
- 代数 (daisū, “algebra”)
- 代僧 (daisō, “substitute priest”)
- 代走 (daisō, “substitute runner”)
- 代打 (daida, “pinch-hitting”)
- 代替 (daitai), 代替 (daigae, “substitution, alternation”)
- 代地 (daichi, “substitute land”)
- 代置 (daichi, “replace”)
- 代読 (daidoku, “reading for another”)
- 代入 (dainyū, “substitution, assignment”)
- 代人 (dainin, “substitute, deputy”)
- 代任 (dainin, “agency, acting official”)
- 代納 (dainō, “payment for another”)
- 代筆 (daihitsu, “amanuensis”)
- 代表 (daihyō, “representative, representation”)
- 代品 (daihin, “substitute article”)
- 代父 (daifu, “godfather”)
- 代物 (daibutsu, “substitute”)
- 代返 (daihen, “answer a roll call for another”)
- 代弁 (daiben, “pay by proxy”)
- 代母 (daibo, “godmother”)
- 代務 (daimu, “vicarious management”)
- 代役 (daiyaku, “substitute, substitution”)
- 代用 (daiyō, “substitution”)
- 代理 (dairi, “representation, agency”)
- 代赭 (taisha, “red ocher”)
- 代物 (shiromono, “thing, article”)
- 代掻き, 代き (shirokaki, “preparing a rice field for planting”)
- 代引き (daibiki, “cash on delivery”)
- 代待ち (daimachi, “waiting in place of someone else”)
- 代替え (daigae, “substitution, alternation”)
- 代稽古 (daigeiko, “substitute teaching”)
- 代執行 (daishikkō, “carrying out by proxy”)
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- 代諾者 (daidakusha, “legal representative”)
- 代当主 (daitōshu, “nth-generation head of a family”)
- 代動詞 (daidōshi, “pro-verb”)
- 代燃車 (dainensha, “car running on substitute fuel”)
- 代名詞 (daimeishi, “pronoun”)
- 代理人 (dairinin, “representative, deputy”)
- 代議士 (daigishi, “member of the Diet”)
- 代替エネルギー (daitai enerugī, “alternative energy”)
- 代名動詞 (daimei-dōshi, “pronominal verb”)
- 代が変わる (dai ga kawaru, “change hands”)
- 揚代, 揚げ代 (agedai, “fee paid for a geisha”)
- 足代 (ashidai, “traveling expenses”)
- 阿代 (ashiro, “Lua error in Module:taxlink at line 68: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.”)
- 網代 (ajiro, “wickerwork”)
- 網代 (amishiro, “dividing up a fishing catch”)
- 幾代 (ikuyo, “generations, ages”)
- 一代 (ichidai, “generation, lifetime”)
- 永代 (eitai, “permanence, eternity”)
- 往代 (ōdai, “ancient times”)
- 形代 (katashiro, “representation of a sacred object”)
- 壁代 (kabeshiro, “separating curtain”)
- 神代 (kamiyo), 神代 (jindai, “ancient time”)
- 関代 (kandai, “relative pronoun”)
- 希代, 稀代 (kidai), 希代, 稀代 (kitai, “rarity, uncommonness”)
- 近代 (kindai, “present day”)
- 玉代 (gyokudai, “time charge for a geisha”)
- 薬代 (kusuridai, “charge for medicine”)
- 車代 (kurumadai, “carfare, cartage fee”)
- 現代 (gendai, “nowadays, modern era”)
- 更代 (kōtai, “exchange”)
- 後代 (kōdai, “posterity”)
- 古代 (kodai, “ancient times”)
- 五代 (Godai, “Five Dynasties”)
- 歳代 (-saidai, “decade”)
- 酒代 (sakudai, “alcohol expenses”)
- 月代 (sakuyaki), 月代 (tsumashiro, “shaved part of the forehead”)
- 三代 (sandai, “three generations”)
- 誌代 (shidai, “magazine's price”)
- 昭代 (shōdai, “glorious reign”)
- 初代 (shodai, “first generation”)
- 身代 (shindai, “fortune, property”)
- 次代 (jidai, “the next era”)
- 時代 (jidai, “period, epoch”)
- 重代 (jūdai, “successive generations”)
- 上代 (shōdai), 上代 (uwadai, “ancient times”)
- 城代 (shōdai, “chamberlain”)
- 聖代 (seidai, “magnificent imperial reign”)
- 盛代 (seidai, “prosperous era”)
- 世代 (sedai, “generation, the world”)
- 先代 (sendai, “family predecessor”)
- 舌代 (zetsudai), 舌代 (shitadai, “a notice”)
- 前代 (zendai, “previous generation”)
- 総代 (sōdai, “representative”)
- 大代 (daidai, “main telephone number”)
- 地代 (chidai), 地代 (jidai, “land rent”)
- 茶代 (chadai, “a tip”)
- 帳代 (chōdai, “curtained sleeping platform”)
- 手代 (tedai, “sales clerk”)
- 当代 (tōdai, “the present age”)
- 名代 (nadai, “well-known, fame”)
- 名代 (myōdai, “proxy, representative”)
- 苗代 (nawashiro), 苗代 (naeshiro, “rice nursery”)
- 年代 (nendai, “age, era”)
- 糊代 (norishiro, “overlap width”)
- 花代 (handai, “price of flowers”)
- 場代 (badai, “rent, cover charge”)
- 番代 (bandai, “taking turns”)
- 本代 (hondai, “money for books”)
- 間代 (madai, “room rent”)
- 末代 (matsudai, “forever, in perpetuity”)
- 御代 (miyo, “imperial reign”)
- 明代 (Mindai, “Ming dynasty”)
- 無代 (mudai, “free of charge”)
- 餅代 (mochidai, “money to see one over the New Year”)
- 宿代 (yadodai, “hotel charges”)
- 力代 (chikarashiro, “tax paid to avoid forced labor”)
- 依代, 依り代, 憑代 (yorishiro, “object representative of a divine spirit”)
- 累代 (ruidai, “successive generations”)
- 歴代 (rekidai, “successive generations”)
- 交代 (kōtai, “alternation, change”)
- 十代 (jūdai, “the teens”)
- 千代 (sendai), 千代 (chiyo, “thousand years”)
- 万代 (bandai), 万代 (mandai), 万代 (yorozuyo, “thousands of years”)
- 雪代 (yukishiro, “snow water”)
- 譜代 (fudai, “successive generations”)
- 田代芋, 田代薯 (tashiroimo, “taccad”)
- 何代目 (nandaime, “what ordinal number”)
- 親の代 (oya no dai, “parents' generation”)
- 食い代 (kuishiro, “food expenses”)
- 薬の代 (kusuri no shiro, “cost of medicine”)
- 削り代 (kezurishiro, “cutting stock”)
- 綴じ代 (dojishiro, “binding margin”)
- 取り代 (torishiro), 取代 (torishiro, “portion, one's share”)
- 縫い代 (nuishiro, “margin for a seam”)
- 飲み代, 飲代, 呑み代 (nomishiro, “drink money”)
- 君が代 (kimi ga yo, “imperial reign”)
- 締め代 (shimeshiro, “interference, jamming”)
- 身の代金, 身代金 (minoshirokin, “ransom”)
- バイト代 (baito-dai, “earnings from a part-time job”)
- 切符代 (kippudai, “ticket price”)
- 化粧代 (keshōdai, “lady's pin money”)
- 研削代 (kensakushiro, “grinding allowance”)
- 師範代 (shihandai, “assistant instructor”)
- 修理代 (jūridai, “cost of repairs”)
- 手術代 (shujutsudai, “surgery costs”)
- 食事代 (shokujidai, “cost of a meal”)
- 線香代 (senkōdai, “fee for a geisha's time”)
- 洗濯代 (sentakudai, “laundry charges”)
- 昼食代 (chūshokudai, “lunch price”)
- 治療代 (chiryōdai, “medical fees”)
- 電気代 (denkidai, “electric utility expense”)
- 暖簾代 (norendai, “goodwill”)
- 風呂代 (furodai, “fee charged at a public bath”)
- 部屋代 (heyadai, “room rent”)
- 弁当代 (bentōdai, “lunch money”)
- 御霊代 (mitamashiro, “symbol for the spirit of the dead”)
- 始生代 (Shiseidai, “Archean”)
- 原生代 (Genseidai, “Proterozoic”)
- 顕生代 (Kenseidai, “Phanerozoic”)
- 古生代 (Koseidai, “Paleozoic”)
- 中生代 (Chūseidai, “Mesozoic”)
- 新生代 (Shinseidai, “Cenozoic”)
- 大正の代 (Taishō no yo, “Taisho era”)
- 天神七代 (tenjin-shichidai, “seven generations of celestial deities”)
- 強直間代発作 (kyōchoku-kandai-hossa, “tonic-clonic seizure”)
- 千九百年代, １９００年代 (senkyūhyaku-nen dai, “the 1900s”)
- 明治天皇の代に (Meiji tennō no yo ni, “under Emperor Meiji's rule”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 代 |
| しろ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (archaic) substitution
- (archaic) price, cost, charge
- (historical) shiro, a unit of land
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 代 |
| よ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
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Noun
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 代 |
| だい Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 代 (MC dojH).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- price
- generation of a family
- reign of a royal
- decade
- era
Counter
代 or 代 • (dai or counter) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|たい']]
- generation of a royal family
- era, age, decade
Suffix
代 or 代 • (dai or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|たい']]
Alternative forms
- (period of time): 台
Korean
Hanja
代 (eum 대 (dae))
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Vietnamese
Han character
代: Hán Việt readings: đại (
代: Nôm readings: đời[1][2][3][4][5], đãi[1][2][3], đại[1][2][5], dạy[1][2], dậy[1][2], rượi[3][4], đười[1], đợi[1]
Compounds
References
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- zh:Geology
- zh:Grammar
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- zh:Geography
- Chinese surnames
- Southern Min Chinese
- Beginning Mandarin
- Taishanese lemmas
- Taishanese verbs
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Chinese simplified forms
- Elementary Mandarin
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 3 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading だい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading たい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か-わる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かわ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かわ-り
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か-わり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か-える
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading す
- Japanese terms spelled with 代 read as しろ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 代
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 代 read as よ
- Japanese terms spelled with 代 read as だい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Units of measure
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom