令
Template:character info/new Template:character info/new
Translingual
Traditional | 令 |
---|---|
Simplified | 令 |
Japanese | 令 |
Korean | 令 |
Han character
令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 80307, composition ⿱亽龴(G) or ⿱亼龴(HTV) or ⿱亼ㄗ(JK or U+F9A8
))
Derived characters
- 伶, 冷, 呤, 坽, 姈, 岭, 泠, 彾, 怜, 拎, 昤, 朎, 柃, 玲, 𪽏, 𪾧, 羚, 紷, 聆, 蛉, 軨(𫐉), 鈴(铃), 魿, 齡(齢/龄), 刢, 𬾂, 瓴, 翎, 領(领), 鴒(鸰), 𬹴, 命, 岺, 苓, 笭, 閝(𫠂), 零, 囹
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
- Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EE4
Chinese
trad. | 令 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 令 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 令 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 亼 + 卩.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling6
- Yale: lihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling6
- Guangdong Romanization: ling6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin
- Hakka Romanization System: lin
- Hagfa Pinyim: lin4
- Sinological IPA: /lin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 令 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /liŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /liŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /liŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /liŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /liŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /liə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /liŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /liŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nin³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /nin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /nin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /lĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /lin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /lin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /liəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /liŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /lĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /liŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /lin³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /lin¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /leŋ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /liʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /lɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lin⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /nin⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lin²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lin⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /lin⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /leŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /leŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /liŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liŋ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /leiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /leŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /leŋ³³/ 使~(俗) |
- Middle Chinese: ljeng, ljengH, lengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*riŋ/, /*riŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reŋ/, /*reŋs/, /*reːŋs/
Definitions
- to order; to command
- to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow
- Template:zh-syn
- 令人 ― lìngrén ― to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]
- (historical) governor; magistrate (official title)
- good; excellent
- time; season
- drinking game
- (respectful) your
- (poem) Short for 小令 (“ditty”).
- a surname
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling4
- Yale: lìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4
- Guangdong Romanization: ling4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
- † Used in 令狐 (Línghú).
- † Used in 令利.
- † Used in 令俜.
- † Used in 令星.
- † Used in 脊令.
- † Original form of 瓴 (líng).
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
- Wade–Giles: ling3
- Yale: lǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Yale: līng / līm / líhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Guangdong Romanization: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- Classifier for reams of paper.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lián
- Wade–Giles: lien2
- Yale: lyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: ljen
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ren/
Definitions
Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 令 – see 齡 (“age; length of time; duration; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡). |
Notes:
|
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: しむ (shimu)
- Nanori: おさ (osa)←をさ (wosa, historical); なり (nari); のり (nori); はる (haru); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
- 令旨 (ryōji)
- 令外 (ryōge)
- 令月 (reigetsu)
- 令兄 (reikei)
- 令閨 (reikei)
- 令史 (reishi)
- 令室 (reishitsu)
- 令状 (reijō)
- 令嬢 (reijō)
- 令色 (reishoku)
- 令息 (reisoku)
- 令夫人 (reifujin)
- 令名 (reimei)
- 禁令 (kinrei)
- 訓令 (kunrei)
- 号令 (gōrei)
- 司令 (shirei)
- 指令 (shirei)
- 辞令 (jirei)
- 条令 (jōrei)
- 勅令 (chokurei)
- 伝令 (denrei)
- 発令 (hatsurei)
- 布令 (furei)
- 法令 (hōrei)
- 命令 (meirei)
- 律令 (ritsuryō)
- 御布令 (ofure)
- 県令 (kenrei)
- 令史 (sakan)
- 仮令, 縦令 (tatoi), 仮令, 縦令 (tatoe)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
令 |
れい Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- an order, command, decree
- (historical) in ancient China, a regional governor or magistrate
- (historical) in the early Meiji period, the forerunner of a 知事 (chiji, “prefectural governor”)
- (historical) in the Kamakura period, the vice-minister of the 政所 (mandokoro, “office of financial affairs”)
- (historical) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- Synonym: 坊令 (bōrei)
- (rare, law, historical) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 (ritsu), spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
Affix
- act, law, ordinance, rule
- law, ordinance, regulation
- (historical) high-ranking official or magistrate
- (obsolete) admonition, teaching
- (rare) excellent, fine, good
- honorific prefix added before a term of kinship to show respect to someone else's relative
Derived terms
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
令 |
りょう Grade: 4 |
goon |
/rjau/ → /rjɔː/ → /rjoː/
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (law, historical) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 (ritsu), spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
Derived terms
- 令義解 (Ryō no Gige)
Affix
Proper noun
- a female given name
References
Korean
Hanja
令 (eum 령 (ryeong))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
令: Hán Nôm readings: lệnh, lanh, lành, lênh, lình, liệng, lịnh, loanh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 令
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese surnames
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- zh:Age
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Sichuanese nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese simplified forms
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading りょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading りやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading れい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おさ
- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading をさ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
- Japanese terms spelled with 令 read as れい
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 令
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- ja:Law
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese terms spelled with 令 read as りょう
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese prefixes
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters