恕

Translingual

Han character

恕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女口心 (VRP), four-corner 4633₀, composition ⿱如心)

Derived characters

• 𫉅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10560
• Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6055

---

Chinese

trad.		恕
simp. #		恕
alternative forms		㣽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
拿	*rnaː
拏	*rnaː
詉	*rnaː
蒘	*rnaː, *na
笯	*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐	*rnaː, *na
絮	*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶	*rnaːw
怓	*rnaːw
帑	*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴	*naː
砮	*naː, *naːʔ
駑	*naː
孥	*naː
努	*naːʔ
弩	*naːʔ
怒	*naːʔ, *naːs
袽	*na
帤	*na
女	*naʔ, *nas
籹	*naʔ
恕	*hnjas
如	*nja, *njas
茹	*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳	*nja, *njas
鴽	*nja
蕠	*nja
汝	*njaʔ
肗	*njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hnjas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): su
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: syu³
    • Yale: syu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
    • Hakka Romanization System: su
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
    • Tâi-lô: sù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sux
    • IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
    • Tâi-lô: sìr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
    • Tâi-lô: sì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: six
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: syoH

Rime
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Baxter	syoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥a-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hnjas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syoH ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥a-s/
English	indulgent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9622
Phonetic component	女
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hnjas/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恕

1. golden rule; reciprocity

   子貢問曰：「有一言而可以終身行之者乎？」子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施於人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

   ---

   子贡问曰：「有一言而可以终身行之者乎？」子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施于人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Yǒu yī yán ér kě yǐ zhōngshēn xíng zhī zhě hū?” Zǐ yuē: “Qí shù hū! Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén.” [Pinyin]

   Zi Gong asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not RECIPROCITY such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."

2. to forgive; to pardon; to show mercy

   饒恕／饶恕  ―  ráoshù  ―  to forgive; to pardon

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01349
• “恕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 恕”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

---

Japanese

Kanji

恕

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): じょ (jo); しょ (sho)
• Kun: ゆるす (yurusu)

Derived terms

• 恕(じょ)する (josuru): to forgive; to pardon; to excuse

---

Korean

Hanja

恕 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 恕 (thứ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation