春秋

Chinese

		spring (time); gay; joyful spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life	autumn; fall; harvest time autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing
trad. (春秋)		春	秋
simp. #(春秋)		春	秋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chūnqiū

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon¹ cau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-chhiû
• Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng-chiŭ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun-chhiu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chunciou
    • Wade–Giles: chʻun¹-chʻiu¹
    • Yale: chwūn-chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchiou
    • Palladius: чуньцю (čunʹcju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiūr
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chunciour
    • Wade–Giles: chʻun¹-chʻiu¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: chwūn-chyōur
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchioul
    • Palladius: чуньцюр (čunʹcjur)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ceon¹ cau¹
    • Yale: chēun chāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen¹ tsau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cên¹ ceo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-chhiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun´ qiu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng-chiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-chhiu
    • Tâi-lô: tshun-tshiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhunchiw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ t͡sʰiu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyhwin tshjuw

Rime
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昌脣切	七由切
Baxter	tsyhwin	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷin/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuen/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwin/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chūn	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceon1	cau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun  tsʰiw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun  sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chūn	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwin ›	‹ tshjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰun/	/*tsʰiw/
English	springtime	autumn; crop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12573	10537
Phonetic component	屯	秋
Rime group	文	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	春	秋
Old Chinese	/*tʰjun/	/*sʰɯw/
Notes	說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 春秋

1. (literally) spring and autumn
2. (metonymically) the four seasons
3. (figurative) a year's time; year
4. (figurative) person's age
5. (figurative) time (as a general concept)
6. (figurative) annal; chronicle of events by year

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 春秋

1. the Spring and Autumn Annals, the chronicle of the Chinese state of Lu
2. the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)

Synonyms

• (Spring and Autumn Annals): 麟經／麟经 (Línjīng), 麟史 (Línshǐ)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
春	秋
しゅん Grade: 2	しゅう > じゅう Grade: 2
on’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 春秋 (tsyhwin tshjuw, literally “spring and autumn”). The kan'on, so probably a shift in reading after initial borrowing.

Noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (shunjū) 

1. spring and autumn
2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age

Proper noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (Shunjū) 

1. the Spring and Autumn Annals, the chronicles of the ancient State of Lu

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
春	秋
はる Grade: 2	あき Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring”) +‎ 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Noun

春(はる)秋(あき) • (haruaki) 

1. spring and autumn
2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age
   • Template:RQ:Hojoki

     四十あまりの春秋をおくれる間に

     よんじゅう あまり の はるあき を おくれる あいだ に

     yonjū amari no haruaki o okureru aida ni

     during the course of living some forty-odd years