炮

See also: 砲

Translingual

Han character

炮 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火心口山 (FPRU), four-corner 9781₂, composition ⿰火包)

Derived characters

• 𪺃, 𬋗, 𬋚

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 668, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18954
• Dae Jaweon: page 1078, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2196, character 12
• Unihan data for U+70AE

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Chinese

trad.		炮/砲
simp.		炮
砲 – “cannon; firecracker”

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 炮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː) : semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pào (pao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): по (po, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau³
• Eastern Min (BUC): páu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phàu / phâu
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵phau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pào
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pào
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao⁴
    • Yale: pàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: по (po, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau³
    • Yale: paau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: páu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑu²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
    • Tâi-lô: phàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰau¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pʰau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phâu
    • Tâi-lô: phâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaau
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰau¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰau²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵phau
    • MiniDict: phau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰɔ³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 炮
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pʰau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pʰɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/pʰɔ²¹/
	Qingdao	/pʰɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰau³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pʰau⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pʰɔ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/pʰɔ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰɔ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰɔ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pʰau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/pʰau¹³/
	Guiyang	/pʰao²¹³/
	Kunming	/pʰɔ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/pʰɔo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pʰɔ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰau⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/pʰɔ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/pʰɔ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/pʰɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/pʰæ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/pʰɔ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pʰuɔ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɔ³²⁴/ /pʰo³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/pʰo⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰau⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/pʰaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰɑu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰau⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/pʰɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰau³³/
	Nanning	/pʰau³³/
	Hong Kong	/pʰau³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰau²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰɑu²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰau³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰau²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fau³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: phaewH

Rime
Character	炮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹皃切
Baxter	phaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨwH/
Li Rong	/pʰauH/
Wang Li	/pʰauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炮
Reading #	1/2
No.	280
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	奅
Old Chinese	/*pʰruːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 炮

1. large gun; cannon; artillery
2. firecracker
3. (Cantonese, colloquial) gun (Classifier: 支; 條／条)
4. (xiangqi) cannon

Usage notes

• (Chinese chess): This character is usually only used on the red side, but it may also be used for both sides in some sets. The same piece on the black side is often written as 砲 or 包.

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese chess pieces) 帥／帅 (shuài) / 將／将, 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥／伡 / 車／车, 傌 / 㐷 / 馬／马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲／炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒

Descendants

Descendants of 炮

• → Tuvan: боо (boo)
• Mongolic:
  • → Buryat: буу (buu)
  • → Daur: pau
  • → Dongxiang: pao
  • → Kalmyk: бу (bu)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠤ (buu) / буу (buu)
• Tungusic:
  • → Manchu: ᡦᠣᠣ (poo)
  • → Nanai: пао (pao)
  • → Orok: пау
  • → Ulch: пау
• → Nivkh: пʼау (pʼau)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páo (pao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau⁴
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶bau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: páo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páo
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao²
    • Yale: páu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau⁴
    • Yale: pàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶bau
    • MiniDict: bau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bɔ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: baew

Rime
Character	炮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	薄交切
Baxter	baew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/bau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨw/
Li Rong	/bau/
Wang Li	/bau/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	páo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炮
Reading #	2/2
No.	286
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	庖
Old Chinese	/*bruː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 炮

1. (historical) to wrap hirsute meat with mud and roast it on fire
2. (by extension) to roast; to burn
3. (traditional Chinese medicine) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching
4. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 庖 (páo, “chef”).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bāo (bao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baau³ / baau¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bao
    • Wade–Giles: pao¹
    • Yale: bāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baau³ / baau¹
    • Yale: baau / bāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baau³ / baau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bao³ / bao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯³³/, /paːu̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 炮

1. (cooking) to quick-fry (meat); to sauté
2. to dry by heat

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

炮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. sear
2. roast, burn

Readings

• Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←へう (feu, historical)}; びょう (byō)^{←べう (beu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kun: あぶる (aburu, 炮る)

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Korean

Hanja

炮 • (po) (hangeul 포)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 炮 (pháo, than, bác, bào)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.