虹

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Translingual

Han character

A rainbow.

虹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1076, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2834, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8679

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 虹
alternative forms
𧈫
𧈬
𧌫
𧍺
𧊋
𧈫
𧈬
𧌫
𧍺
𧊋
蝎
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虹
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.

In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Etymology

Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).

Pronunciation 1

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 虹

  1. rainbow (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m)
    彩虹  ―  cǎihóng  ―  rainbow
    天上出虹了。  ―  Tiānshàng chū jiàng le.  ―  There's a rainbow in the sky.
  2. (literary, figurative) bridge
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 虹 (“rainbow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 虹, 螮蝀, 雩, 隮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 彩虹, 虹
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 虹
Taiwan 彩虹
Langfang 虹
Chengde 虹
Ulanhot 七彩虹
Tongliao 彩虹
Chifeng 虹, 大虹
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 虹, 彩虹
Heihe 虹, 彩虹
Qiqihar 虹
Harbin 虹, 紅虹
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 虹
Jiamusi 虹
Baicheng 虹
Changchun 虹
Tonghua 虹
Shenyang 虹, 彩虹
Jinzhou 虹, 彩虹
Singapore 彩虹
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 虹
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 虹
Tangshan 虹, 彩虹
Cangzhou 虹
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 彩虹, 虹
Baoding 虹, 彩虹
Shijiazhuang 虹
Lijin 虹
Rizhao 虹
Jinan 虹
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 虹
Dandong 虹
Yantai 虹
Yantai (Muping) 虹
Qingdao 虹
Zhucheng 虹
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 虹
Lingbao 虹
Jining 虹
Daming 虹
Wanrong 虹
Linfen 虹
Shangqiu 虹, 彩虹
Yuanyang 虹
Zhengzhou 虹
Kaifeng 虹
Xinyang 虹
Ankang 虹
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 虹
Baihe 虹
Baihe (Maoping) 虹
Xi'an 虹, 彩虹
Dingbian 彩虹
Baoji 虹
Tongxin 虹
Yanchi 虹
Guyuan 虹
Longde 虹
Jingyuan 虹
Tianshui 虹
Xining 虹
Yanqi 虹
Xuzhou 虹
Fuyang 虹
Qimen (Anling Junhua) 虹
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 虹
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 虹
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 虹, 彩虹
Wuzhong 虹
Zhongwei 虹
Bayanhot 彩虹, 虹
Lanzhou 虹
Dunhuang 虹
Hami 虹
Ürümqi 虹
Ürümqi (Xigou) 彩虹
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 虹
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 虹, 天橋, 彩虹, 天龍
Chengdu (Xindu) 虹
Nanchong 虹, 彩虹
Dazhou 虹
Hanyuan 虹
Xichang 虹
Zigong 彩虹
Muli 虹
Chongqing 虹, 彩虹
Wuhan 虹
Yichang 虹, 彩虹
Xiangyang 虹, 彩虹
Tianmen 虹, 曬虹
Guiyang 虹
Zunyi 虹
Bijie 虹
Liping 虹, 虹濟水
Zhaotong 虹
Dali 虹
Kunming 虹, 彩虹
Mengzi 虹, 彩虹
Guilin 虹, 彩虹
Guilin (Lingui) 虹
Pingle 龍虹, 彩虹
Liuzhou 虹, 彩虹
Liuzhou (Luorong) 虹
Luzhai 彩虹
Nanning (Wuming) 彩虹
Hechi (Yizhou) 龍虹
Luocheng (Dongmen) 龍虹 dated, 彩虹
Tianlin (Langping) 虹
Tianlin (Pingtang) 虹
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 虹槓東
Jishou 虹, 螞蟥幹
Changde 虹, 馬雲
Shiquan 虹
Ziyang 虹
Hanzhong 虹
Kokang 虹吃水, 龍虹
Dagudi (Maliba) 彩虹
Reshuitang (Longling) 老虹
Mae Salong (Lancang) 老虹, 彩虹
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 老虹
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 虹
Yangzhou 虹
Lianyungang 虹
Lianshui 虹
Nantong 鱟, 虹
Anqing 虹
Wuhu 虹
Hefei 虹
Chuzhou 虹
Huanggang 虹
Hong'an 虹
Mandarin Yongning (Najiahu) 虹
Jiangshan (Nianbadu) 虹
Kaihua (Huabu) 虹
Yushan (Huaiyu) 虹
Cantonese Guangzhou 虹, 天虹, 龍拱
Hong Kong 彩虹, 天虹
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 天弓
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 虹
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 天弓
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 天虹
Macau 虹
Guangzhou (Panyu) 虹
Guangzhou (Conghua) 龍
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 龍虹
Foshan 鑊耳龍
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 龍
Foshan (Shunde) 拱篷
Foshan (Sanshui) 鑊耳龍
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 龍
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 虹拱
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 播虹
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 龍孔
Zhuhai (Doumen) 龍孔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 叫虹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 鑊耳, 水拱
Taishan 鑊耳, 水虹, 水拱
Taishan (Guanghai) 龍生水, 鑊耳虹, 彩虹
Kaiping (Chikan) 鑊耳龍, 水拱
Enping (Niujiang) 鑊耳龍
Heshan (Yayao) 虹
Dongguan 虹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 虹
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 天弓
Qingyuan 虹
Fogang 虹, 龍
Yingde (Hanguang) 天弓
Yangshan 虹
Lianshan (Butian) 汗龍
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 天虹
Shaoguan 虹
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 虹
Renhua 天虹
Lechang 天虹
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 龍
Sihui 龍
Guangning 龍
Deqing 龍
Huaiji 虹
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 旱龍
Yunfu 龍
Xinxing 龍
Yunan (Pingtai) 龍
Yangjiang 破篷
Xinyi 湴更
Lianjiang 虹
Nanning 虹, 雙虹
Nanning (Tanka) 彩虹
Wuzhou 彩虹
Yulin 龐虹
Hepu (Lianzhou) 天虹, 虹
Hepu (Shatian) 拱
Guiping 虹
Guiping (Jintian) 虹
Guiping (Jiangkou) 虹, 彩虹
Guiping (Madong) 龐虹
Pingnan (Danzhu) 龍
Mengshan (Xihe) 龍
Guigang (Nanjiang) 虹
Beiliu 湴界, 彩虹
Beiliu (Tangliao) 虹
Baise 虹, 雙虹
Bobai 虹
Lingshan 龐虹
Pubei 龐虹
Qinzhou 天虹, 虹, 彩虹
Qinzhou (Xiaodong) 龐虹
Qinzhou (Changtan) 龐虹
Qinzhou (Nasi) 龐虹
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 虹
Beihai 天虹, 天橋
Beihai (Nankang) 拱
Beihai (Yingpan) 拱
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 拱
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 篷拱
Ningming 虹
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 虹
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 天弓
Chongzuo (Laituan) 天虹
Fusui (Qujiu) 蛤筒食水
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 龍虹
Pingle (Majia) 彩虹
Pingle (Shuishan) 虹
Danzhou 天虹
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 彩虹, 彩龍
Sarikei (Xinhui) 龍拱
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 彩虹
Móng Cái 天弓
Yangon (Taishan) 虹
Mandalay (Taishan) 鑊耳虹
Bangkok (Guangfu) 虹
Gan Nanchang 虹
Pengze 虹
Yanshan 虹
Lichuan 天虹, 天吊, 虹
Pingxiang 虹
Guixi 虹
Hakka Meixian 天弓
Xingning 天弓
Fengshun (Liuhuang) 彩虹, 虹仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 彩虹, 青里
Huidong (Daling) 天弓
Dongguan (Qingxi) 天弓
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 天弓
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 天弓
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 天弓食水
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 虹
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 天弓
Wuhua (Huacheng) 天弓
Wuhua (Changbu) 天弓
Wuhua (Mianyang) 天弓
Heyuan (Bendihua) 虹
Zijin 天弓
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 虹
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 天弓
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 龍
Liannan 天虹
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 虹
Jiexi 弓
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 虹
Nanjing (Meilin) 彩虹
Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang) 虹
Changting 虹
Wuping 天弓
Wuping (Yanqian) 天弓
Wuping (Pingyu) 天弓
Liancheng 虹
Liancheng (Peitian) 天門神
Ninghua 虹
Yudu 虹
Ningdu 虹
Ruijin 虹
Shicheng 虹
Shangyou (Shexi) 虹
Tonggu (Sandu) 天虹
Ganzhou (Panlong) 虹
Dayu 虹
Taoyuan 天弓
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 天弓, 虹
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 天弓
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 天弓
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 天弓
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 天弓
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 虹
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 天弓
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 虹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 虹
Hong Kong 天弓
Mengshan (Xihe) 虹
Luchuan 天公虹
Luchuan (Daqiao) 天公降水
Bobai (Shahe) 天弓
Bobai (Longtan) 天弓
Bobai (Lingping) 天弓
Beiliu (Tang'an) 天公食水
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 天弓
Xingye (Gaofeng) 天弓
Mashan (Pianlian) 天公食水
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 虹
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 彩虹
Lipu (Dashigu) 彩虹, 月龍
Pingle (Tong'an) 彩龍
Guidong 天虹
Chengdu (Longtan) 天弓
Chengdu (Shiling) 天弓
Chengdu (Longwang) 天弓
Chengdu (Shibantan) 天弓
Chengdu (Xindu Subdistrict) 天弓, 虹
Sabah (Longchuan) 天弓
Senai (Huiyang) 天弓, 彩虹
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 弓
Singkawang 天弓
Pontianak (Meixian) 天弓
Mempawah (Meixian) 天弓
Medan (Metal - Meixian) 彩虹
Singapore (Meixian) 天弓
Singapore (Dabu) 彩虹
Bangkok (Meixian) 彩虹, 天弓
Bangkok (Fengshun) 弓
Bangkok (Jiexi) 弓
Huizhou Jixi 日頭紅虹, 虹
Shexian 虹, 彩虹
Shexian (Xianggao) 虹
Shexian (Daguyun) 虹
Huangshan (Tunxi) 虹
Yixian 虹
Qimen 虹
Qimen (Anling Minhua) 虹
Wuyuan 虹
Fuliang 虹
Dexing 彩虹
Shitai (Xianyu) 虹
Jin Taiyuan 虹
Pingyao 虹
Yangyuan 虹
Datong 虹
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 虹
Xinzhou 虹
Lüliang (Lishi) 虹
Changzhi 虹
Taibus (Baochang) 虹
Linhe 虹
Jining 虹
Hohhot 虹
Baotou 虹
Dongsheng 虹
Haibowan 虹
Erenhot 虹
Pingshan 虹
Zhangjiakou 虹
Handan 虹
Linzhou 虹
Suide 虹, 水罐
Zizhou 水罐
Mizhi 虹
Jiaxian 虹
Wubu 水罐子
Shenmu 虹
Fugu 罐
Yulin 虹
Yulin (Hengshan) 虹
Jingbian 虹
Yan'an 虹
Yan'an (Ansai) 虹
Ganquan 虹
Zhidan 虹
Wuqi 虹
Qingjian 虹
Zichang 虹
Yanchuan 虹
Yanchang 吊水罐罐
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 鱟
Jinhua 鱟
Lanxi 鱟
Tunxi 虹
Northern Min Jian'ou 虹
Jian'ou (Dikou) 虹
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 虹
Pucheng (Shibei) 虹, 攔溪仔 dated
Eastern Min Fuzhou 虹
Fuqing 虹
Gutian 虹
Shouning 虹
Matsu 虹
Southern Min Xiamen 虹
Quanzhou 虹
Jinjiang 虹
Yongchun 虹
Zhangzhou 虹
Hua'an 虹
Dongshan 虹
Taipei 虹
New Taipei (Sanxia) 虹
Kaohsiung 虹
Yilan 虹
Changhua (Lukang) 虹
Taichung 虹
Taichung (Wuqi) 虹
Tainan 虹
Taitung 虹
Hsinchu 虹
Kinmen 虹
Penghu (Magong) 虹
Penang (Hokkien) 虹
Singapore (Hokkien) 虹
Manila (Hokkien) 彩虹
Zhangping (Yongfu) 天虹
Pingnan (Shangdu) 虹
Pingnan (Pingtian) 虹
Pingnan (Sijie) 虹
Guiping (Xiaowen) 虹, 彩虹
Guiping (Dongsheng) 發紅雲
Guilin (Biyange) 龍公
Pingle (Zhoutang) 龍, 天橋
Lechang (Tatou) 天虹
Renhua (Changshabei) 天虹
Yingde (Yuzui) 虹
Yunan (Liantan) 龍, 虹
Yuhuan (Kanmen) 虹
Chaozhou 虹
Shantou 虹
Shantou (Chenghai) 虹
Shantou (Chaoyang) 虹, 彩虹
Jieyang 虹
Haifeng 虹
Bangkok (Teochew) 虹
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 彩虹
Hat Yai (Teochew) 虹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 虹
Pontianak (Teochew) 虹
Leizhou 虹
Wenchang 虹
Haikou 虹
Wanning 虹
Puxian Min Putian 虹
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 虹
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 虹
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 虹
Xianyou 虹
Xianyou (Fengting) 虹
Xianyou (Youyang) 虹
Fuding (Aoyao) 虹
Central Min Yong'an 虹
Sanming (Sanyuan) 虹
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 播虹
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 跨篷
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 虹
Nanning (Shajing) 虹
Nanning (Gejiayuan) 虹
Nanning (Zhegulu) 虹, 拱橋
Nanning (Silian) 虹, 天虹
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 虹
Nanning (Sucun) 虹, 幹筒
Binyang 虹, 龍虹
Binyang (Xinqiao) 虹
Hengzhou (Baihe) 龐虹
Liucheng (Yangmei) 虹
Luocheng (Niubi) 長虹
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 虹
Guilin (Chaoyang) 虹
Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 虹
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 虹
Guilin (Dabu) 雨界
Guilin (Yangjia) 龍
Guilin (Qianjing) 雨虹
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 江東龍, 龍虹
Guilin (Huangsha, Lingui) 龍虹
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 天龍, 彩圈
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 虹
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 虹
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 虹
Lingchuan (Gudong) 龍虹
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 虹
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 彩虹, 虹
Lingchuan (Gongping) 龍虹
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 龍虹
Pingle (Zhangjia) 虹
Yangshuo (Putao) 雨虹
Shehua Ningde 蛟龍
Fu'an 蛟龍
Fuding 蛟龍
Zhouning 蛟龍
Xiapu 蛟龍
Shouning 虹
Gutian 蛟龍
Luoyuan 蛟龍
Sanming 蛟龍
Shunchang 蛟龍
Hua'an 蛟龍
Guixi (Zhangping) 蛟龍
Yanshan (Taiyuan) 蛟龍
Cangnan 蛟龍
Jingning (Hexi) 蛟龍
Lishui 蛟龍
Longyou 蛟龍
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 蛟龍
Chaozhou 蛟龍
Fengshun 蛟龍
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 螞蟥雲
Wu Shanghai 虹, 彩虹, 鱟 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 鱟
Suzhou 鱟, 彩虹, 虹
Wuxi 彩虹, 虹, 鱟
Danyang 虹
Hangzhou 鱟, 彩虹
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 鱟
Ningbo 鱟, 虹
Linhai 鱟
Yuhuan (Damaiyu) 鱟
Yuhuan (Chumen) 鱟
Wenzhou 鱟
Songyang (Gushi) 鱟
Longquan 鱟
Jinhua 鱟, 彩虹
Jinhua (Tangxi) 熯
Xiang Changsha 虹
Xiangtan 虹
Xiangxiang 虹
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 彩虹
Loudi 虹
Shuangfeng 虹
Hengshan 虹, 雲虹
Hengshan (Baiguo) 斗雨
Quanzhou 彩虹
Guanyang (Wenshi) 虹
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 虹
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 蟲
Dong'an 虹, 螃蟹夾草
Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) 拱橋
Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 天弓
Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 天弓
Renhua (Zhoutian) 天虹
Renhua (Shitang) 天狗
Renhua (Songwei, Guitou) 天拱
Lechang (Changlai) 天虹
Lechang (Beixiang) 天虹
Lechang (Huangpu) 天虹
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 天虹, 天橋
Lechang (Sanxi) 虹

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 虹

  1. † to fester
  2. Only used in 虹洞.

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 虹
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古送切
Baxter kuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kuŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kuŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kuŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 虹
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kæwngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁroŋ-s/
English rainbow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 虹
Reading # 2/3
No. 4032
Phonetic
component 		工
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		貢
Old
Chinese 		/*koːŋs/
Notes 原注今音絳

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 虹

  1. A county in modern Anhui

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

虹

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
虹 (niji, nuji, noji): a rainbow.
Kanji in this term
虹
にじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/

From Old Japanese,[1] attested as man'yōgana form 爾之 in the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of c.931-938 and 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier nuji or noji readings (see below).

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

Noun

虹(にじ) • (niji) 

  1. a rainbow
    春雨(はるさめ)がやんだ途端(とたん)に、美(うつく)しい虹(にじ)が現(あらわ)れた。
    Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
    Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
虹
ぬじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨nuzi⟩ → /nuʑi/

From Old Japanese[1], attested in the 北野本日本書紀 (Kitano-bon Nihon shoki) of the late Heian period.[2] May be a shift from earlier noji (see below); compare Okinawan ぬーじ (nuː‎dʑi) and Miyako ぬず (nudzɿ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

虹(ぬじ) • (nuji) 

  1. (dialect, possibly obsolete) a rainbow

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
虹
のじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨no1zi⟩ → /noʑi/

From Old Japanese, appeared in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE as an eastern dialectal variant.[1][2][3]

Cognate with Okinawan ぬーじ (nuː‎dʑi) and Miyako ぬず (nudzɿ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

虹(のじ) • (noji) 

  1. (obsolete) a rainbow

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 虹・霓(にじ)とは - コトバンク‎[1], 2019 January 21 (last accessed)
  3. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3414:
    , text available here

Korean

Hanja

虹 • (hong, gang)

  1. rainbow

Vietnamese

Han character

虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng[1]
虹: Nôm readings: vồng[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trần (2004).
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