力: difference between revisions

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→‎Japanese: +formatting +moving deriveds to appropriate etymologies +deriveds; many more deriveds still needed
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==Japanese==
==Japanese==
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}

===Kanji===
===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=1|rs=力00}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=1|rs=力00}}
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===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Compound of {{etyl|ojp|ja|sort=ちから}} elements {{compound|lang=ja|sort=ちから|霊|tr1=chi|t1=power, life force, essence|から|tr2=kara|t2=from}}.
From {{etyl|ojp|ja|sort=ちから}}. Compound of {{etyl|ojp|ja|sort=ちから}} elements {{compound|lang=ja|sort=ちから|霊|tr1=chi|t1=power, life force, essence|から|tr2=kara|t2=from}}.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ちから|y=k|acc=o|dev=1|acc_ref=NHK}}
{{ja-pron|ちから|y=k|acc=3|dev=1|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 179: Line 180:
=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|力足|ちから あし}}: a [[tense]]d [[leg]]; [[tensing]] one's [[leg]]s; {{qualifier|sumo}} the traditional [[sumo]] [[stomp]] at the beginning of a [[match]]
力士 　(りき・し)<br />
* {{ja-r|力合わせ|ちから あわせ}}: matching strength: a [[competition]] of [[strength]]; {{qualifier|by extension}} a [[sumo]] [[match]]
力持 　(ちから・もち)<br />
* {{ja-r|力軍|ちから いくさ}}: a [[test]] of [[strength]], a [[competition]] of [[strength]]
力添え (ちから・ぞえ)<br />
* {{ja-r|力石|ちから いし}}: a large [[stone]] used as a [[dumbbell]] for purposes of [[test]]s of [[strength]]
力尾 (ちから・お)
* {{ja-r|力一杯|ちから いっぱい}}: with all one's strength, as hard as one can

* {{ja-r|力持ち|ちからもち}}: a very [[strong]] [[person]]
* {{ja-r|力添え|ちからぞえ}}: [[help]], [[assistance]], [[aid]]
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}


====Proper noun====
====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|ちから|proper}}
{{ja-pos|proper|ちから}}


# {{given name|male|lang=ja|sort=ちから}}
# {{given name|male|lang=ja|sort=ちから}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=りき}} {{term|lang=ltc|力|tr=lik}}. The {{term|lang=ja|呉音|sc=Latn|''goon''}} reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern {{etyl|yue|-}} {{term|lang=yue|力|tr=lik⁶}}.
From {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=りき}} {{term|lang=ltc|力|tr=lik}}. The [[呉音#Japanese|goon]] reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern {{etyl|yue|-}} reading ''lik<sup>6</sup>''.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=goon|りき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}
* {{l|ja|sc=Latn|音読み|On'yomi}}: {{term|lang=ja|呉音|sc=Latn|Goon}}
* {{IPA|lang=ja|[ɾiki]|[ɾiki̥]}}


====Affix====
====Affix====
{{ja-pos|りき|affix}}
{{ja-pos|affix|りき}}


# [[power]], [[strength]]
# [[power]], [[strength]]
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# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|Buddhism}} [[capability]], especially [[mystical]] [[power]]
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|Buddhism}} [[capability]], especially [[mystical]] [[power]]
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|Buddhism}} the [[suchness]] of [[ability]], one of the [[w:Ten suchnesses|Ten Suchnesses]] in Mahayana Buddhism
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|Buddhism}} the [[suchness]] of [[ability]], one of the [[w:Ten suchnesses|Ten Suchnesses]] in Mahayana Buddhism
# short for {{ja-l|力者||rikisha}}: a [[strong]] person
# short for {{m|ja|力者|tr=rikisha}}: a [[strong]] person
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|archaic}} short for {{ja-l|車力||shariki}}, {{ja-l|力車||rikisha}}: a [[rickshaw]]
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|archaic}} short for {{m|ja|車力|tr=shariki}}, {{m|ja|力車|tr=rikisha}}: a [[rickshaw]]
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|archaic}} a [[rickshaw]] operator's [[wage]]s
# {{context|lang=ja|sort=りき|archaic}} a [[rickshaw]] operator's [[wage]]s


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-l|動力|どうりき|dōriki}}: [[energy]], [[motive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|動力|どうりき}}: [[energy]], [[motive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|馬力|ばりき}}: [[horsepower]]
* {{ja-r|力士|りきし}}: a [[sumo]] [[wrestler]]
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}


===Etymology 3===
===Etymology 3===
From {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=りょく}} {{term|lang=ltc|力}}, but apparently from a different source dialect or at a different time than {{term|lang=ltc|力|tr=lik}}. The {{term|lang=ja|漢音|sc=Latn|''kan'on''}} reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare reconstructed {{etyl|ltc|-}} reading {{IPAchar|/li̯ək/}}.
From {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=りょく}} {{m|zh|力}}, but apparently from a different source dialect or at a different time than {{m|zh|力|tr=lik}}. The [[漢音#Japanese|kan'on]] reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare reconstructed {{etyl|ltc|-}} reading {{IPAchar|/li̯ək/}} or {{etyl|ko|-}} reading ''ryeok''.


Only found in compounds and idioms in modern Japanese.
Only found in compounds and idioms in modern Japanese.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=kanon|りょく}}
* {{l|ja|sc=Latn|音読み|On'yomi}}: {{term|lang=ja|漢音|sc=Latn|Kan'on}}
* {{IPA|lang=ja|[ɾjo̞kɯᵝ]|ɾjo̞kɯ̥ᵝ]}}


====Affix====
====Affix====
{{ja-pos|りょく|affix|rom=-ryoku}}
{{ja-pos|affix|りょく}}


# [[strength]], [[power]]
# [[strength]], [[power]]
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=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-l|動力|どうりょく|dōryoku}}: [[energy]], [[motive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|引力|いんりょく}}: [[attractive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-l|気力|きりょく|kiryoku}}: [[spirit]]; [[drive]]; [[morale]]; [[vigor]]
* {{ja-r|気力|きりょく}}: [[spirit]]; [[drive]]; [[morale]]; [[vigor]]
* {{ja-l|斥力|せきりょく|sekiryoku}}: [[repulsive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|斥力|せきりょく}}: [[repulsive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-l|引力|いんりょく|inryoku}}: [[attractive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|動力|どうりょく}}: [[energy]], [[motive]] [[force]]
* {{ja-r|力争|りょくそう}}: a [[test]] of [[strength]]; a [[hard]] [[fight]]
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}


Revision as of 18:29, 29 April 2015

See also: カ, 九, and 丸

Translingual

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – alternative interpretation, either an arm bending out from the side of the body, or a plough.

Historical forms of the character 力
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勒 *rɯːɡ
肋 *rɯːɡ
扐 *rɯːɡ
仂 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
艻 *rɯːɡ
朸 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
玏 *rɯːɡ
泐 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
阞 *rɯːɡ
竻 *rɯːɡ
力 *rɯɡ
屴 *rɯɡ
鳨 *rɯɡ

Han character

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Derived characters

Descendants

See also

  • カ (Japanese katakana)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2288
  • Dae Jaweon: page 327, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 364, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+529B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 力
Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia zh

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 力

  1. force, strength, power
    力量  ―  lìliàng  ―  power
    攻擊力／攻击力  ―  gōngjīlì  ―  firepower
    她個子雖小但力大驚人。 [MSC, trad.]
    她个子虽小但力大惊人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gèzǐ suī xiǎo dàn lì dà jīngrén. [Pinyin]
    For a small woman she has surprising strength.
  2. strong, strenuous
    Template:zhex
  3. power, energy
    汽力  ―  qìlì  ―  steam power
  4. ability
    能力  ―  nénglì  ―  ability
    他對古董很有鑑賞力。 [MSC, trad.]
    他对古董很有鉴赏力。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā duì gǔdǒng hěn yǒu jiànshǎng lì. [Pinyin]
    He has an eye for antiques.
  5. (physics) force
    這個力的方向與位移相同。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个力的方向与位移相同。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge lì de fāngxiàng yǔ wèiyí xiāngtóng. [Pinyin]
    This force is the same direction as the displacement.
  6. Kangxi radical 19 (power)
Compounds
Derived terms

Beginning with 力

Template:mid3

Template:mid3

Not beginning with 力

Template:mid3

Template:mid3

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

力

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. power, force, strength

Readings

Etymology 1

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Compound of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese elements Lua error in Module:affix/templates at line 130: The |lang= parameter is not used by this template. Place the language code in parameter 1 instead..

Pronunciation

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Noun

力(ちから) • (chikara) 

  1. strength, power, force
  2. (deprecated template usage) (physics) force
  3. ability, capacity
  4. effort
  5. (deprecated template usage) (tarot): strength: the eleventh trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

力(ちから) • (Chikara) 

  1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) a male given name

Etymology 2

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese (deprecated template usage) 力 (lik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Cantonese reading lik6.

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Affix

力(りき) • (riki) 

  1. power, strength
    力(りき)学(がく)、力(りき)士(し)、二馬(にば)力(りき)
    rikigaku, rikishi, nibariki
    “power studies” (dynamics), “strength person” (sumo wrestler), two horsepower

Noun

力(りき) • (riki) 

  1. physical strength
  2. (deprecated template usage) (Buddhism) capability, especially mystical power
  3. (deprecated template usage) (Buddhism) the suchness of ability, one of the Ten Suchnesses in Mahayana Buddhism
  4. short for 力者 (rikisha): a strong person
  5. (deprecated template usage) (archaic) short for 車力 (shariki), 力車 (rikisha): a rickshaw
  6. (deprecated template usage) (archaic) a rickshaw operator's wages
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 力 (lì), but apparently from a different source dialect or at a different time than 力 (lik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare reconstructed (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese reading /li̯ək/ or (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Korean reading ryeok.

Only found in compounds and idioms in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Affix

力(りょく) • (ryoku) 

  1. strength, power
    力(りょく)争(そう)、権(けん)力(りょく)
    ryokusō, kenryoku
    “strength struggle” (a hard fight), “right power” (authority)
Derived terms
Derived terms

References


Korean

Noun

力 • (yeog, ryeog) (hangeul 력)

  1. strength, power

Hanja

力 • (ryeok) (hangeul 력, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk)

  1. (deprecated template usage) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 力 (lực, sức, sực, sựt)

  1. Template:han tu form of
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