功

功 U+529F, 功 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-529F ← 办 [U+529E] CJK Unified Ideographs 加 → [U+52A0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

功 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一大尸 (MKS), four-corner 1412₇, composition ⿰工力)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2295
• Dae Jaweon: page 328, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 365, character 8
• Unihan data for U+529F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		功

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 功
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
缸	*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢	*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹	*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐	*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ, “labor; work”) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

Cognate with 工 (OC *koːŋ). See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gung¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): gó̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: guung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
    • Tâi-lô: kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/

Note:

• kong - literary;
• kang - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gong¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kon
    • MiniDict: kon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /kʊŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /kən³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwng

Rime
Character	功
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古紅切
Baxter	kuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	功
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/
English	work, effort
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	功
Reading #	1/1
No.	4021
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	公
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 功

1. achievement; merit; good result

   共赴事功  ―  gòng fù shì gōng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (physics) work

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Japanese

Kanji

功

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: いさお (isao, 功)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
功
こう Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 功 (MC kuwng).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

功(こう) • (kō) ^{←こう (kou)?}

1. a success, a great achievement
   • (Can we date this quote?), “金正日将軍の歌 [Song of General Kim Jong-il]”:

     青(あお)き海(うな)原(ばら)　その功(こう)歌(うた)う

     Aoki unabara sono kō utau

     The blue seas sing his [Kim's] exploits in their songs.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
功
いさお Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 功 – see the following entry.

【いさお】 [noun] (literary) accomplishment; achievement; distinguished service [proper noun] 功, 勲, 勲男, 勇雄: a male given name Alternative spellings 勲, 勲男, 勇雄

(This term, 功, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
功
いさお Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Proper noun

功(いさお) or 功(proper) • (isao or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|いさお]]

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

功 (eumhun 공 공 (gong gong))

1. hanja form^? of 공 (“service; credit; meritorious deed”)
2. hanja form^? of 공 (“effort; labor; elaboration”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

功: Hán Nôm readings: công

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.