dun
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
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(deprecated template usage) From Middle English dun, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-Germanic *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.
Noun
dun (usually uncountable, plural duns)
- A brownish grey colour.
- dun:
Translations
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Adjective
dun (not comparable)
- Of a brownish grey colour.
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 134, column 2, lines 48–49:
- Come, thick Night, / And pall thee in the dunneſt ſmoake of Hell, / That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes, / Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke, / To cry, hold, hold.
- 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130:
- If ſnow be white, why then her breſts are dun
- 1827, John Keble, The Christian Year, London: Walter Scott, →OCLC, Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity:
- glows the setting sun [...] and chill and dun / Falls on the moor the brief November day.
Translations
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Derived terms
- dun-bar
- dunnock
- donkey (possibly)
- Donn-chadh or Duncan, Gaelic meaning "brown warrior"
See also
Etymology 2
Unknown; perhaps a variant of din. Several sources suggest origin from Joe Dun, the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.
Noun
dun (plural duns)
- (countable) A collector of debts.
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- 1933, George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, Ch. 18:
- Melancholy duns came looking for him at all hours.
- 1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York 2007, p. 102:
- ‘Frank's worried about duns,’ she said as the butler went away.
- An urgent request or demand of payment.
- 1842, A.B.G., “Errata”, in Evangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate, volume 13, →OCLC, page 251:
- Miss Hoppin received a dun for volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.
Translations
Verb
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- (transitive) To ask or beset a debtor for payment.
- 1768, Jonathan Swift, The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, London: C. Bathurst, →OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse, page 309:
- And hath she sent so soon to dun?
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Folio Society 1973, p. 577:
- Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had been dunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.
- (transitive) To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.
- 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:
- Rich bitches who had to be dunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.
- 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:
Translations
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Uncertain; likely from the color.
Noun
dun (plural duns)
- (countable) A newly hatched, immature mayfly; a mayfly subimago.
- 1966, John Harris, An Angler's Entomology, New York: Barnes, →OCLC, page 16:
- Also, duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.
- (countable, fishing) A fly made to resemble the mayfly subimago.
- 1676, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome, →OCLC, March, page 59:
- We have besides for this Month a little Dun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.
Synonyms
Translations
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Etymology 4
From Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“fortress”). Cognate with Welsh dinas (“city”).
Alternative forms
Noun
dun (plural duns)
- An ancient or medieval fortification; especially a hill-fort in Scotland or Ireland.
- 1858, Henry MacLauchlan, Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854, London: Printed for private circulation, →OCLC, page 9:
- Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by a dun or camp, on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the British pant, a hollow, and dun, a fort or camp, Pant-y-dun.
- (archaeology) A structure in the Orkney or Shetland islands or in Scotland consisting of a roundhouse surrounded by a circular wall; a broch.
- 2013, T.J. Clarkson, The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings, Edinburgh: Birlinn, →ISBN:
- Smaller than the broch was the dun, another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.
Etymology 5
See do.
Verb
dun
- (nonstandard, informal) Eye dialect spelling of done: past participle of do
- Now, ya dun it!
- 1895 May, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, in International Journal of Medicine and Surgery[1], volume 8, retrieved 2016–13–10, page 194:
- ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors he dun it, so now that settles it."
- (nonstandard, informal) Eye dialect spelling of don't: contraction of do + not.
- 1901, Gilbert Parker, The Right of Way, New York and London: Harper, →OCLC:
- Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.
Etymology 6
Likely from the color of fish so prepared.
Verb
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- (transitive, dated) To cure, as codfish, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with saltgrass or a similar substance.
- 1832, James Thacher, History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, →OCLC, page 317:
- Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.
Etymology 7
See dune.
Noun
dun (plural duns)
Etymology 8
Imitative.
Interjection
dun
- (humorous) Imitating suspenseful music.
- 2009, Carrie Tucker, I Love Geeks: The Official Handbook, Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, →ISBN:
- How would you deal with that power? (Dun, dun, DUN! Insert dramatic music here.)
References
- “dun”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
Bambara
Pronunciation
Verb
dun
- to eat
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Danish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
dun n (singular definite dunet, plural indefinite dun)
- down (soft, immature feathers)
Inflection
See also
- “dun” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “dun” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
dun on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch dunne, from Old Dutch *thunni, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz. Cognates with English thin (Compare West-Flemish thinne).
Adjective
dun (comparative dunner, superlative dunst)
Inflection
Declension of dun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | dun | |||
inflected | dunne | |||
comparative | dunner | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | dun | dunner | het dunst het dunste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | dunne | dunnere | dunste |
n. sing. | dun | dunner | dunste | |
plural | dunne | dunnere | dunste | |
definite | dunne | dunnere | dunste | |
partitive | duns | dunners | — |
Antonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: dun
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
dun
- (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of dunnen
- (deprecated template usage) imperative of dunnen
Galician
Etymology
From de (“of”) + un (“masculine singular indefinite article”)
Contraction
dun m
See also
German
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Etymology
Borrowed from Low German duun.
Adjective
dun (comparative duner, superlative am dunsten)
- (colloquial, chiefly Northern Germany) drunk
- 1998, “Du (äh, Du)”, in Power, performed by Fischmob:
- Ich war dun die Nacht / Und hatte mit chemischen Drogen aus Amerika herumexperimentiert / Bis ich das Bewußtsein verlor.
- I was drunk that night / and had experimented with synthetic drugs from America / until I lost consciousness.
Declension
Further reading
- “dun” in Duden online
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
Verb
dun
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Derived terms
Further reading
Kiput
Etymology
From Proto-North Sarawak *daqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (compare Malay daun).
Noun
dun
Mandarin
Romanization
dun
- Nonstandard spelling of dūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of dún.
- Nonstandard spelling of dǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of dùn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Noun
dun f or m (definite singular duna or dunen, indefinite plural duner, definite plural dunene)
dun n (definite singular dunet, indefinite plural dun, definite plural duna or dunene)
- down (soft, fine fluffy feathers)
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Noun
dun f (definite singular duna, indefinite plural duner, definite plural dunene)
dun n (definite singular dunet, indefinite plural dun, definite plural duna)
- down (soft, fine fluffy feathers)
References
- “dun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *dūnǭ (“sand dune”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, fume, raise dust”); or alternatively a late borrowing from Proto-Celtic *dūnom from the same Proto-Indo-European source.
Pronunciation
Noun
dūn f
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
- English: down
Old French
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
dun oblique singular, m (oblique plural duns, nominative singular duns, nominative plural dun)
- (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of don
- circa 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:
- E tute Espaigne tendrat par vostre dun
- And all of Spain he will hold as your gift
Swedish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
dun n
- down, what grows on young birds
Declension
Declension of dun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | dun | dunet | dun | dunen |
Genitive | duns | dunets | duns | dunens |
Related terms
References
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from German tun and English do.
Pronunciation
Noun
dun (nominative plural duns)
Declension
Derived terms
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʌn
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Brythonic languages
- English terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with unknown etymologies
- English transitive verbs
- en:Fishing
- English terms borrowed from Irish
- English terms derived from Irish
- English terms borrowed from Scottish Gaelic
- English terms derived from Scottish Gaelic
- en:Archaeology
- English verbs
- English nonstandard terms
- English informal terms
- English eye dialect
- English contractions
- English dated terms
- English interjections
- English humorous terms
- English terms with multiple etymologies
- en:Browns
- en:Colors
- en:Greys
- en:Mayflies
- Bambara terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara verbs
- bm:Food and drink
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician contractions
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms borrowed from Low German
- German terms derived from Low German
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German colloquialisms
- Northern German
- German terms with quotations
- Hunsrik 1-syllable words
- Hunsrik terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hunsrik lemmas
- Hunsrik verbs
- Kiput terms inherited from Proto-North Sarawak
- Kiput terms derived from Proto-North Sarawak
- Kiput terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Kiput terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Kiput lemmas
- Kiput nouns
- kyi:Plants
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin pinyin
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English feminine nouns
- Old English ō-stem nouns
- ang:Landforms
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Anglo-Norman
- Old French terms with quotations
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Volapük terms borrowed from German
- Volapük terms derived from German
- Volapük terms borrowed from English
- Volapük terms derived from English
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns