指

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 🈯 [U+1F22F SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6307]
指 U+6307, 指
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6307
← 挆
[U+6306] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 挈 →
[U+6308]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

指 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手心日 (QPA), four-corner 51061, composition ⿰扌旨)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 429, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12034
  • Dae Jaweon: page 778, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1873, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6307

Chinese[edit]

trad. 指
simp. # 指
alternative forms 𢫾

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 指
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
稽 *kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣 *ŋɡiːs
栺 *ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰 *klje
脂 *kji
鴲 *kji, *kjis
指 *kjiʔ
旨 *kjiʔ
恉 *kjiʔ
嗜 *ɡjis
蓍 *qʰlji
鰭 *ɡri
耆 *ɡri
鮨 *ɡri
鬐 *ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjiʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kí, chái/cháiⁿ/chúiⁿ/chán - vernacular;
  • chí - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zi2 / zoin2 / zain2 / gi2 / zeng2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí / tsóiⁿ / tsáiⁿ / kí / tsṳ́ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵²/, /t͡sõĩ⁵²/, /t͡sãĩ⁵²/, /ki⁵²/, /t͡sɯŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • zi2 - literary;
  • zoin2/zain2 - vernacular (“finger”);
  • zoin2 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • zain2 - Jieyang;
  • gi2 - vernacular (“to point”);
  • zeng2 - colloquial (俗).
Rime
Character 指
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 職雉切
Baxter tsyijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cjiX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕjiX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 指
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyijX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə.kijʔ/
English finger; point

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 指
Reading # 1/1
No. 17325
Phonetic
component 		旨
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		旨
Old
Chinese 		/*kjiʔ/

Definitions[edit]

指

  1. finger
    手指  ―  shǒuzhǐ  ―  finger
  2. to point; to point out; to aim
    指出  ―  zhǐchū  ―  to point out
    指人  ―  zhǐ rén  ―  to point at a person
  3. to indicate; to show; to demonstrate
  4. to refer to; to mean
    春天指的是冬天後面的那個季節。 [MSC, trad.]
    春天指的是冬天后面的那个季节。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chūntiān zhǐ de shì dōngtiān hòumiàn de nàge jìjié. [Pinyin]
    Spring refers to the season after winter.
  5. to rely on; to depend on
  6. to criticize; to rebuke
  7. to make one’s hair stand on end
  8. Classifier for fingerwidths.

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Thai: ชี้ (chíi, “to point”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

指

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
指
ゆび
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *oyonpE.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

指(ゆび) • (yubi)  (counter 本)

  1. a finger (including thumb)
  2. 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 38:
    指 唐韵云、指. 音旨、由比、俗云於與比
    Finger The Tangyun calls it a finger, sound shi, [Japanese] yubi, commonly called oyobi

(alternative reading hiragana および, rōmaji oyobi)

  1. a finger
  2. 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 38:
    指 唐韵云、指. 音旨、由比、俗云於與比
    Finger The Tangyun calls it a finger, sound shi, [Japanese] yubi, commonly called oyobi

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 指 (MC tsyijX). Recorded as Middle Korean 지〮 (cí) (Yale: ci) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

指 (eumhun 손가락 지 (son'garak ji))

  1. Hanja form? of 지 (“finger”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

指

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

指(いーび) (ībi) 

  1. finger

Derived terms[edit]

Southern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

指

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Noun[edit]

指(っいぃーび) ('yiibi) 

  1. finger

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

指: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, xỉ, chỏ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=指&oldid=78840380"