博士

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Chinese

[edit]
extensive; ample; rich
extensive; ample; rich; obtain; aim; to win; to get; plentiful; to gamble
 
scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (博士)
simp. #(博士)
Wikipedia has articles on:

Etymology

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Attestable since at least the Eastern Han dynasty. In modern Mandarin, a doublet of 把戲把戏 (bǎxì) and 把式 (bǎshì).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (1) (20)
Final () (104) (19)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Baxter pak dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pwɑk̚/ /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʷɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pwak̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong
/puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li
/puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pwɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bo zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bok3 zi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì
Middle
Chinese
‹ pak › ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁak/ /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English broad officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3474 11511
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*paːɡ/ /*zrɯʔ/

Noun

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博士

  1. doctorate; Ph.D.
    博士  ―  bóshìshēng  ―  doctoral candidate
    哲學博士哲学博士  ―  zhéxué bóshì  ―  Doctor of Philosophy
    好好努力博士讀完 [MSC, trad.]
    好好努力博士读完 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì hǎohǎo nǔlì bǎ wǒ de bóshì dúwán. [Pinyin]
    I will work hard to finish my doctorate.
    北京大學取得博士學位 [MSC, trad.]
    北京大学取得博士学位 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gāng cóng Běijīng dàxué qǔdé bóshì xuéwèi. [Pinyin]
    He recently obtained his doctorate degree from Peking University.
  2. doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
    博士博士  ―  bóshì  ―  Dr. Wu
    博士講座主講人 [MSC, trad.]
    博士讲座主讲人 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhāng bóshì shì zhè chǎng jiǎngzuò de zhǔjiǎngrén. [Pinyin]
    Dr. Zhang is the presenter of this seminar.
  3. (history) court academician (in feudal China)
  4. (history) master; person with a particular skill
    博士  ―  chá bóshì  ―  a tea master
  5. (history) learned scholar; polymath
  6. (dialectal) carpenter; woodworker

Synonyms

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  • (carpenter):

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (博士):
  • Japanese: (はく)() (hakushi, court academician; doctor)
  • Korean: 박사(博士) (baksa, doctor; expert; learned man)
  • Vietnamese: bác sĩ (博士, medical doctor; physician)

Others:

  • Japanese: 博士 (hakase)
  • Korean: 박수 (baksu, male priest, male shaman)
  • Manchu: ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ (baksi), ᠪᠠᡴᡧᡳ (bakši, scholar; Confucian scholar)
    • → Chinese: 把式 (bǎshì), 把勢把势 (bǎshì, “martial arts; master; skill”), 把戲把戏 (bǎxì, “circus tricks; cheap tricks”)
    • → Chinese: 巴克什 (bākèshí, “baksi, title given to Qing Dynasty scholars”)
  • Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi) / багш (bagš, teacher, instructor; master; trainer)
  • Kazakh: бақсы (baqsy, shaman, sorcerer)
  • Kyrgyz: бакшы (bakşı, shaman, Islamic faith healer)
  • Persian: بخشی (baxši, scribe, secretary; surgeon; vice-regent; inspector; grand falconer)
  • Southern Altai: бакшы (bakšï, leader)
  • Uyghur: باخشى (baxshi, sorcerer, shaman, wizard; witchcraft healer, witch-doctor), باخشىلىق (baxshiliq, falconry, hunting with birds of prey; witchcraft, shamanism)
  • Tatar: багучы (bağuçı, shaman, healer)
  • Turkmen: bagşy (Turkmen shaman singers who play Dutar , shaman healer)

Japanese

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 博士 on Japanese Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
はく
Grade: 4

Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzriX) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はく)() (hakushi

  1. a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
はく > はか
Grade: 4
し > せ
Grade: 5
irregular

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzriX). Unattested in extant Old Japanese texts, but likely borrowed in the Old Japanese period, being an official title in the ritsuryō system.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はか)() (hakase

  1. (history) a court academician
  2. a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
  3. an expert
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ひろ
Grade: 4

Grade: 5
yutōyomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

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(ひろ)() (Hiroshi

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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博士 (baksa or McCune-Reischauer: paksa or Yale: pakqsa) (hangeul 박사)

  1. hanja form? of 박사 (doctor)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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博士

  1. chữ Hán form of bác sĩ (medical doctor; physician).