塗

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See also: 凃 and 涂
塗 U+5857, 塗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5857
← 塖
[U+5856] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 塘 →
[U+5858]

Translingual

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Han character

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塗 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水木土 (EDG), four-corner 38104, composition ⿱涂土)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 474, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5857

Chinese

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trad. 塗
simp. 涂*
alternative forms
涂 “road”
斁／𭣧 “to daub”
凃
𡌘
𡍼
涂 “road”
斁／𭣧 “to daub”
凃
𡌘
𡍼
𭏚
 
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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *l'aː) : phonetic 涂 (OC *l'aː, *l'a) + semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dù - verb;
  • tù - noun.
Note:
  • tou2 - vernacular;
  • dou2 - literary.
Note:
  • thô͘ - vernacular (noun);
  • tô͘ - literary (verb).
Note:
  • tou5 - vernacular (“mud, shoal, earth, ground”);
  • tu5 - literary.
Rime
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 同都切 宅加切
Baxter du drae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duo/ /ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duo/ /ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/do/ /ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔ/ /ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/do/ /ȡa/
Wang
Li 		/du/ /ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuo/ /ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tú chá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou4 caa4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tú tú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ du › ‹ du ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁa/ /*lˁa/
English to plaster road

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15751 15774
Phonetic
component 		余 余
Rime
group 		魚 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		𡨀 徒
Old
Chinese 		/*rlaː/ /*l'aː/
Notes 今作搽

Definitions

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塗

  1. mud; shoal
  2. to daub; to smear; to apply; to paint; to plaster
    塗指甲／涂指甲  ―  tú zhǐjia  ―  to paint nails
  3. to cross out; to blot out
  4. to scribble; to scrawl over
  5. Alternative form of 途 (tú, “road”)
    道聽塗說／道听涂说  ―  dàotīngtúshuō  ―  rumours (literally, “listen to what people said along the road”)
  6. (Southern Min) earth; ground
    Alternative form: 土
  7. (alt. form 嵞, 峹) Used in 塗山／涂山 (Túshān).
  8. a surname

Usage notes

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The surname 塗／涂 (Tú) is different from the surnames 涂 (Tú) and 凃 (Tú).

Synonyms

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  • (mud):
Dialectal synonyms of 泥 (“mud”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 塗, 泥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 泥
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒
Taiwan 泥巴
Chifeng 泥, 泥巴
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 泥
Harbin 泥, 泥巴
Shenyang 泥
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 泥
Tangshan 泥
Baoding 泥, 泥巴
Shijiazhuang 泥
Jinan 泥巴, 泥
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 泥
Qingdao 泥
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 泥巴
Wanrong 泥
Zhengzhou 泥
Xi'an 泥
Xining 泥
Xuzhou 泥
Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 泥, 泥巴
Ürümqi 泥巴
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 泥巴
Chongqing 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Kunming 泥, 泥巴
Guilin 泥巴
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 泥, 泥巴
Yangzhou 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥
Nantong 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 泥巴
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴
Lichuan 泥
Jianning 泥
Taining 泥
Hakka Meixian 泥
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 泥
Changting 泥
Shanghang 泥
Longyan (Yongding) 泥
Wuping 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ninghua 泥
Qingliu 泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 泥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 泥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 泥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 泥沙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 泥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 泥, 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 泥
Xinzhou 泥
Linhe 泥
Jining 泥
Hohhot 泥
Zhangjiakou 泥
Handan 泥
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Fuzhou (Changle) 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Taipei 塗 GT
Kinmen 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Haifeng 塗
Leizhou 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanming (Sanyuan) 泥
Sanming (Shaxian) 泥
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 泥
Guangze 泥
Jiangle 泥
Mingxi 泥
Shunchang 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 爛污泥
Danyang 泥, 爛泥
Hangzhou 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥
Ningbo 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 泥, 糊泥
Pucheng 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Loudi 泥巴
Shuangfeng 泥巴
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
  • (earth):
Dialectal synonyms of 土 (“earth; soil (dry)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 土
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 土
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 土
Harbin 土
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 土, 土拉
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Guilin 土
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 土
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Beihai 泥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 土
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 土
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 土, 泥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 泥
Móng Cái 土, 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴, 土
Hakka Meixian 泥
Xingning 泥
Huidong (Daling) 泥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 泥
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 泥
Changting 泥
Wuping 泥
Wuping (Pingyu) 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ruijin 泥, 那泥
Shicheng 泥
Shangyou (Shexi) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 土
Xinzhou 土
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Fuzhou (Changle) 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Kinmen 塗
Manila (Hokkien) 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Leizhou 塗
Wenchang 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanming (Sanyuan) 泥
Sanming (Shaxian) 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Shanghai (Chongming) 爛泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 硬爛泥
Danyang 爛泥
Hangzhou 爛污泥
Ningbo 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 糊泥, 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Xiangxiang 土
Shuangfeng 土

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Thai: ทา (taa, “to smear; to paint”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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塗

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. paint

Readings

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  • Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ぬる (nuru, 塗る, Jōyō)、どろ (doro, 塗)、まみれる (mamireru, 塗れる)

Compounds

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Noun

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塗(ぬり) • (nuri) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 塗り

Korean

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Hanja

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塗 (eumhun 바를 도 (bareul do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“smear, daub, apply, spread”)
  2. hanja form? of 도 (“paint”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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塗: Hán Nôm readings: đồ, đừ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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