工作
Chinese
work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour |
to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do; to make | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (工作) |
工 | 作 | |
anagram | 作工 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1 zok3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-chok
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-cáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon-tsoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong1 zo6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gongzuò
- Wade–Giles: kung1-tso4
- Yale: gūng-dzwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzuoh
- Palladius: гунцзо (gunczo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунзуә (gunzuə, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴ t͡suə⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gung1 zok3
- Yale: gūng jok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1 dzok8
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1 zog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chok
- Hakka Romanization System: gung´ zog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1 zog5
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡sok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-cáuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (t͡s-)ʒɑuʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chok
- Tâi-lô: kong-tsok
- Phofsit Daibuun: kongzog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang1 zag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang tsak
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sak̚²/
- Wu
- Xiang
Verb
工作
- to work (to be engaged in a mental or physical activity)
- to work (to be employed)
- to work (to function properly)
Antonyms
- (work; to be engaged in an activity): 歇息 (xiēxi)
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 工作
- (uncountable) work (employment)
- 工作滿足感/工作满足感 ― gōngzuò mǎnzúgǎn ― job satisfaction
- 找不到工作 ― zhǎobudào gōngzuò ― to be unable to find work
- (countable) job (position) (Classifier: 份; 個/个)
- (countable, uncountable) task; job; work (something to do) (Classifier: 份 m; 項/项 m; 個/个)
- (archaic, countable) ingenious accomplishment (Classifier: 個/个)
Synonyms
- (work): (Hakka, Min Nan) 頭路
Usage notes
There are many equivalents for English to work in Chinese, the most common and generic being 工作 (gōngzuò). Use 上班 (shàngbān) for shift work, 辦公/办公 (bàngōng) for office or administration work and 幹活/干活 (gànhuó) for physical work.
Derived terms
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Descendants
Others:
- → Zhuang: gunghcoz
See also
- 幹活/干活 (gànhuó)
- 勞動/劳动 (láodòng)
- 任務/任务 (rènwù)
- 上班 (shàngbān)
- 務工/务工 (wùgōng)
- 職業/职业 (zhíyè)
- 做事 (zuòshì)
- (Cantonese) 做嘢 (zou6 je5)
- (Min Nan) 做穡/做穑 (chò-sit; chòe-sit)
- (Min Nan) 空課/空课 (khang-khòe; khang-khè)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
こう Grade: 2 |
さく Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- handicraft, industrial art, woodwork
- underground negotiation of political, foreign relations
- activities of espionage
Derived terms
Verb
工作する • (kōsaku suru) suru (stem 工作し (kōsaku shi), past 工作した (kōsaku shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "工作する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 工作すれ | こうさくすれ | kōsaku sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 工作せよ¹ 工作しろ² |
こうさくせよ¹ こうさくしろ² |
kōsaku seyo¹ kōsaku shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 工作される | こうさくされる | kōsaku sareru | |
Causative | 工作させる 工作さす |
こうさくさせる こうさくさす |
kōsaku saseru kōsaku sasu | |
Potential | 工作できる | こうさくできる | kōsaku dekiru | |
Volitional | 工作しよう | こうさくしよう | kōsaku shiyō | |
Negative | 工作しない | こうさくしない | kōsaku shinai | |
Negative continuative | 工作せず | こうさくせず | kōsaku sezu | |
Formal | 工作します | こうさくします | kōsaku shimasu | |
Perfective | 工作した | こうさくした | kōsaku shita | |
Conjunctive | 工作して | こうさくして | kōsaku shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 工作すれば | こうさくすれば | kōsaku sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Noun
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Noun
工作
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 工
- Chinese terms spelled with 作
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese uncountable nouns
- Chinese countable nouns
- Chinese nouns classified by 份
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Chinese nouns classified by 項/项
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 工 read as こう
- Japanese terms spelled with 作 read as さく
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
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- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
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- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán