越

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Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

越 (Kangxi radical 156, 走+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土人戈女 (GOIV), four-corner 43805, composition ⿺走戉)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1216, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37110
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1686, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3480, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8D8A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 越
alternative forms 𫑛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泧 *qʰʷaːd, *kʰʷad, *ɢʷad
眓 *qʰʷaːd
越 *ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad
狘 *kʰʷad
戉 *ɢʷad
鉞 *ɢʷad
樾 *ɢʷad
怴 *qʰʷrɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad) : semantic 走 (“to walk or run”) + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad) — to go over; to cross.

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) 戉 (yuè) or (deprecated template usage) 鉞 (yuè): large battle-axe used as a symbol of authority in ancient China.
“to go over; to surpass; to overstep; to turn”
Related to 𨒋 (“to go over”), 䟠 (“to go beyond; to transgress”) (Wang, 1982) and perhaps 于 (OC *ɢʷa, “to go”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“modal particle”
Related to 曰 (OC *ɢʷad), 于 (OC *ɢʷa) and 粵 (OC *ɢʷad) (Wang, 1982).
“Yue; Viet; State of Yue”
Related to 粵 (OC *ɢʷad, “Yue; Cantonese”).
This is a general name for numerous indigenous tribes in ancient southern China, which are collectively called Baiyue. The ancient State of Yue during the Zhou dynasty of China was initially written as 戉 (OC *ɢʷad, “large battle-axe”) — alternatively written as 𫑛 — and it is commonly believed the name Yue originates from this instrument, which was widely found in neolithic cultures of southeastern China and served as a symbol of authority and royalty.
See 戉 (OC *ɢʷad) for more on the etymology.

Pronunciation 1

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 越

  1. to pass over; to cross; to cross over
  2. to go over; to climb over; to jump over
    翻山越嶺／翻山越岭  ―  fānshānyuèlǐng  ―  to pass over mountains and ridges
  3. (of time) to pass; to go through
  4. (figurative) to go outside of; to exceed; to surpass; to overstep; to transgress
    超越  ―  chāoyuè  ―  to surpass
    越界  ―  yuèjiè  ―  to overstep a boundary
  5. to propagate; to spread; to publicise
  6. to disperse; to scatter; to fade away
  7. to fall; to relax; to become loosened
  8. to rob; to seize by force
  9. (Southern Min) to turn; to turn around
  10. more; -er
    越……越……  ―  yuè...... yuè......  ―  the more ..., the more ...
    越來越……／越来越……  ―  yuèláiyuè......  ―  to become increasingly ...
  11. Ancient meaningless sentence-initial modal particle.
  12. (～人, ～族) The Yue or Viet: collective name for numerous ancient non-Han tribes in southern China and northern Vietnam; Baiyue.
  13. (historical) (～國) The State of Yue: ancient state during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of Chinese history, in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Jiangsu.
  14. General name for the region of southern China, especially the Guangxi and Guangdong provinces.
  15. Name for the Zhejiang province of China, especially the eastern parts of the province or areas in the vicinity of Shaoxing city.
  16. Short for 越南 (“Vietnam”).
  17. a surname

Synonyms

  • (more):
(deprecated template usage)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 越
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 末 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸括切
Baxter hwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wut6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 越
Reading # 1/2
No. 16330
Phonetic
component 		戉
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		活
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷaːd/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 越

  1. † (music) small hole at the bottom of a se, a traditional Chinese musical instrument
  2. † to bore a hole; to drill a hole

Further reading

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

越

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
越
えつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 越 (MC hjwot|hwat).

Pronunciation

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Affix

越(えつ) • (etsu) ←ゑつ (wetu)?

  1. pass over; cross over; go over
  2. pass; go through (of time)
  3. exceed; surpass; transgress (limit, extent)
  4. Abbreviation of 越南 (Betonamu, “Vietnam”).

Proper noun

越(えつ) • (Etsu) ←ゑつ (wetu)?

  1. (historical) the Yue people to the south of ancient China

Korean

Hanja

越 • (wol, hwal)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

越: Hán Việt readings: việt[1][2][3]
越: Nôm readings: vượt[1][2][3][4], việt[1][2][5], vớt[1][2], vẹt[1][4], vát[4][5], vịt[1], vọt[1], vợt[1], nhông[3], vác[3], vót[3], vệt[3]

  1. Template:han tu form of
  2. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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