功夫
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See also: 工夫
Chinese
[edit]merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment |
husband; man | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (功夫) |
功 | 夫 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1 fu1
- Gan (Wiktionary): gung1 fu
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-fû
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĕ̤ng-hŭ / gŭng-hŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon-fu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gongfů
- Wade–Giles: kung1-fu5
- Yale: gūng-fu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.fu
- Palladius: гунфу (gunfu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 功夫
工夫
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунфу (gunfu, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴ fou²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1 fu1
- Yale: gūng fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1 fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1 fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
功夫
工夫
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gung1 fu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁴² fu²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-fû
- Hakka Romanization System: gungˊ fuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1 fu1
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕ̤ng-hŭ / gŭng-hŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /køyŋ⁵⁵ (h-)ŋu⁵⁵/, /kuŋ⁵⁵ (h-)ŋu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gĕ̤ng-hŭ - colloquial;
- gŭng-hŭ - literary.
- Southern Min
Note: gang1 hu1 - Jieyang and Pontianak.
Noun
[edit]功夫
- time (to do something)
- efforts (devoted to a task)
- accomplishments, achievement
- skill; art; workmanship (especially in martial arts)
- kung fu (Chinese martial art)
Usage notes
[edit]- Originally, kung fu referred to any skill learned through great effort. Used by the Occident to refer to martial arts (武術/武术 (wǔshù)), kung fu is now used by Chinese to also refer to martial arts, but only since the late twentieth century.
Synonyms
[edit]- (efforts):
- (skill):
- 一手
- 人才 (réncái)
- 伎倆/伎俩 (jìliǎng) (literary)
- 俊才 (jùncái)
- 兩手/两手 (liǎngshǒu)
- 力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
- 力量 (lìliàng)
- 功力 (gōnglì)
- 天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
- 才具 (cáijù) (formal)
- 才力 (cáilì)
- 才器 (cáiqì) (literary)
- 才幹/才干 (cáigàn)
- 才情 (cáiqíng)
- 手段 (shǒuduàn)
- 手法 (shǒufǎ)
- 手眼 (shǒuyǎn)
- 才能
- 手腕 (shǒuwàn)
- 手腕子 (shou3 onn3 zr) (Xiang)
- 才華/才华 (cáihuá)
- 技巧 (jìqiǎo)
- 把式 (bǎshì) (dialectal)
- 技能 (jìnéng)
- 技藝/技艺 (jìyì)
- 技術/技术 (jìshù)
- 招數/招数 (zhāoshù)
- 本事
- 本領/本领 (běnlǐng)
- 材幹/材干 (cáigān) (Classical Chinese)
- 能力 (nénglì)
- 能為/能为 (néngwéi) (literary, dialectal)
- 能耐 (néngnài) (colloquial)
- 能量 (néngliàng)
- 花頭/花头 (Wu)
- 著數/着数
- 解數/解数
- 資力/资力 (zīlì)
- 路數/路数 (lùshù)
- 身手 (shēnshǒu)
- 道行
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “Entry #51364”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
功 | 夫 |
かん Grade: 4 |
ふう Grade: 4 |
irregular |
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowing from English kung fu, from Chinese 功夫 (gōngfu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]功夫 • (kanfū)
(alternative reading katakana クンフー, rōmaji kunfū)
- kung fu: Chinese martial arts
- (uncommon) efforts (devoted to a task)
- バーチャファイター
- 「あなたには功夫が足りないわ!」
- “Anata ni wa kunfū ga tarinaiwa!”
- "Your gongfu isn't enough!"
- 「あなたには功夫が足りないわ!」
- バーチャファイター
See also
[edit]- 拳法 (kenpō, generic term for "martial arts")
- マーシャルアーツ (māsharuātsu, “martial arts”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
功 | 夫 |
く Grade: 4 |
ふう Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Alternative spelling of 工夫 (kufū): a device, scheme; dedication to spiritual improvement, especially in Zen meditation
Verb
[edit]功夫する • (kufū suru) suru (stem 功夫し (kufū shi), past 功夫した (kufū shita))
- Alternative spelling of 工夫 (kufū): to devise, come up with, contrive
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "功夫する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 功夫し | くふうし | kufū shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 功夫し | くふうし | kufū shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 功夫する | くふうする | kufū suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 功夫する | くふうする | kufū suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 功夫すれ | くふうすれ | kufū sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 功夫せよ¹ 功夫しろ² |
くふうせよ¹ くふうしろ² |
kufū seyo¹ kufū shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 功夫される | くふうされる | kufū sareru | |
Causative | 功夫させる 功夫さす |
くふうさせる くふうさす |
kufū saseru kufū sasu | |
Potential | 功夫できる | くふうできる | kufū dekiru | |
Volitional | 功夫しよう | くふうしよう | kufū shiyō | |
Negative | 功夫しない | くふうしない | kufū shinai | |
Negative continuative | 功夫せず | くふうせず | kufū sezu | |
Formal | 功夫します | くふうします | kufū shimasu | |
Perfective | 功夫した | くふうした | kufū shita | |
Conjunctive | 功夫して | くふうして | kufū shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 功夫すれば | くふうすれば | kufū sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]Categories:
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