禍
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See also: 祸
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]禍 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火月月口 (IFBBR), four-corner 37227, composition ⿰礻咼)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24766
- Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 4
- Unihan data for U+798D
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 禍 | |
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simp. | 祸 | |
alternative forms | 旤 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 禍 | ||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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碢 | *l'oːl |
腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鍋 | *kloːl |
楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
瘑 | *kloːl |
緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
堝 | *kloːl |
濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
薖 | *kʰloːl |
簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
窩 | *qloːl |
萵 | *qloːl |
檛 | *kr'oːl |
膼 | *kr'oːl |
蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
冎 | *kroːlʔ |
剮 | *kroːlʔ |
諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
歄 | *kʷroːl |
咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡloːlʔ) : semantic 示 (“sacrifice”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wo6 / wo5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
- Jin (Wiktionary): hue3
- Northern Min (KCR): huā
- Eastern Min (BUC): huô
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huò
- Wade–Giles: huo4
- Yale: hwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
- Palladius: хо (xo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wo6 / wo5
- Yale: woh / wóh
- Cantonese Pinyin: wo6 / wo5
- Guangdong Romanization: wo6 / wo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɔː²²/, /wɔː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
- Hakka Romanization System: fo
- Hagfa Pinyim: fo4
- Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hue3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huā
- Sinological IPA (key): /xua⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huô
- Sinological IPA (key): /huɔ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: hǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě
- Tâi-lô: ě
- IPA (Quanzhou): /e²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
- Tâi-lô: ē
- Phofsit Daibuun: e
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /e³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- hǒ͘/hō - literary;
- ě/ē - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hua6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huă
- Sinological IPA (key): /hua³⁵/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 禍 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xuo⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /xuo⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /xuo⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /xuə²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /xuə⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xuo³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /xuo⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /xu²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xuə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xuə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /xuɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /xuo³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /xo¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /xo²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /xo²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /xo⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /xʊ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xuɤ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /xuə³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /xuɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦu²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦəu³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦo¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /vu³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xo²²/ |
Tunxi | /xo²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xo⁵⁵/ /xo¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ɦo²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fo²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fo⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /fo⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɔ²²/ |
Nanning | /wɔ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /wɔ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ho²²/ /e²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xua⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hua³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ho³³/ /hua³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: hwaX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤajʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːlʔ/
Definitions
[edit]禍
- disaster; misfortune; calamity
- 2021 January 27, 呂爵安 (Edan Lui) (lyrics and music), “E先生連環不幸事件” (1:42 from the start):
- to bring disaster upon
Synonyms
[edit]- (disaster):
- 亂兒/乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
- 人禍/人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
- 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
- 劫煞 (Hokkien)
- 劫難/劫难 (jiénàn)
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 大禍/大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
- 大難/大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
- 天災/天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
- 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
- 奇禍/奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
- 巨禍/巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 慘事/惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘劇/惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘禍/惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
- 沙𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)
- 浩劫 (hàojié)
- 災/灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
- 災劫/灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
- 災厄/灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
- 災害/灾害 (zāihài)
- 災殃/灾殃 (zāiyāng)
- 災禍/灾祸 (zāihuò)
- 災變/灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
- 災難/灾难 (zāinàn)
- 癰疽/痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
- 禍事/祸事 (huòshì)
- 禍害/祸害 (huòhài)
- 禍息/祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)
- 禍患/祸患 (huòhuàn)
- 禍殃/祸殃 (huòyāng)
- (to bring disaster upon):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “disaster”): (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)
Compounds
[edit]- 不測之禍/不测之祸
- 人禍/人祸 (rénhuò)
- 兵禍/兵祸 (bīnghuò)
- 兵連禍結/兵连祸结
- 兵革之禍/兵革之祸
- 包藏禍心/包藏祸心 (bāocáng-huòxīn)
- 召禍/召祸
- 因禍得福/因祸得福 (yīnhuòdéfú)
- 因禍為福/因祸为福
- 大禍/大祸 (dàhuò)
- 大禍臨頭/大祸临头
- 天災人禍/天灾人祸 (tiānzāirénhuò)
- 奇禍/奇祸 (qíhuò)
- 女禍/女祸 (nǚhuò)
- 嫁禍/嫁祸 (jiàhuò)
- 嫁禍於人/嫁祸于人 (jiàhuòyúrén)
- 巨禍/巨祸 (jùhuò)
- 幸災樂禍/幸灾乐祸 (xìngzāilèhuò)
- 悔禍/悔祸
- 惡稔禍盈/恶稔祸盈
- 惡積禍盈/恶积祸盈
- 惡貫禍盈/恶贯祸盈
- 惹災招禍/惹灾招祸
- 惹禍/惹祸 (rěhuò)
- 惹禍招愆/惹祸招愆
- 惹禍招殃/惹祸招殃
- 惹禍招災/惹祸招灾
- 慘禍/惨祸 (cǎnhuò)
- 戰禍/战祸 (zhànhuò)
- 戰禍連年/战祸连年
- 扠禍/扠祸
- 招災攬禍/招灾揽祸
- 招禍/招祸
- 搞禍/搞祸
- 撞禍/撞祸 (zhuànghuò)
- 旦夕禍福/旦夕祸福
- 樂禍/乐祸
- 樂禍幸災/乐祸幸灾
- 橫殃飛禍/横殃飞祸
- 橫災飛禍/横灾飞祸
- 橫禍/横祸
- 橫禍非災/横祸非灾
- 橫禍飛災/横祸飞灾
- 殃國禍家/殃国祸家
- 殺身之禍/杀身之祸 (shāshēnzhīhuò)
- 毋望之禍/毋望之祸
- 池魚之禍/池鱼之祸 (chíyúzhīhuò)
- 滔天大禍/滔天大祸
- 滅族之禍/灭族之祸 (mièzú zhī huò)
- 滅門之禍/灭门之祸
- 潛包禍謀/潜包祸谋
- 潛身遠禍/潜身远祸
- 災梨禍棗/灾梨祸枣
- 災禍/灾祸 (zāihuò)
- 無妄之禍/无妄之祸
- 焚如之禍/焚如之祸
- 直言取禍/直言取祸
- 直言賈禍/直言贾祸
- 眉睫之禍/眉睫之祸
- 神作禍作/神作祸作
- 禍不反踵/祸不反踵
- 禍不單行/祸不单行 (huòbùdānxíng)
- 禍不妄至/祸不妄至
- 禍不旋踵/祸不旋踵
- 禍中有福/祸中有福
- 禍亂/祸乱 (huòluàn)
- 禍亂交興/祸乱交兴
- 禍亂滔天/祸乱滔天
- 禍事/祸事 (huòshì)
- 禍作福階/祸作福阶
- 禍來神昧/祸来神昧
- 禍出不測/祸出不测
- 禍到臨頭/祸到临头
- 福善禍淫/福善祸淫 (fúshànhuòyín)
- 禍因惡積/祸因恶积
- 禍國殃民/祸国殃民 (huòguóyāngmín)
- 禍在旦夕/祸在旦夕
- 禍在目前/祸在目前 (huò zài mùqián)
- 禍害/祸害 (huòhài)
- 禍弄/祸弄
- 禍從口出/祸从口出
- 禍從天降/祸从天降
- 禍心/祸心 (huòxīn)
- 禍患/祸患 (huòhuàn)
- 禍根/祸根 (huògēn)
- 禍梯/祸梯
- 禍棗災梨/祸枣灾梨
- 禍殃/祸殃 (huòyāng)
- 禍母/祸母
- 禍水/祸水 (huòshuǐ)
- 福為禍先/福为祸先
- 禍為福先/祸为福先
- 福為禍始/福为祸始
- 禍生不測/祸生不测
- 禍生於忽/祸生于忽
- 禍生肘腋/祸生肘腋 (huòshēngzhǒuyè)
- 禍發蕭牆/祸发萧墙
- 禍發齒牙/祸发齿牙
- 禍盈惡稔/祸盈恶稔
- 禍祟/祸祟 (huòsuì)
- 禍福/祸福 (huòfú)
- 禍福倚伏/祸福倚伏
- 禍福同門/祸福同门
- 禍福惟人/祸福惟人
- 禍福有命/祸福有命
- 禍福無偏/祸福无偏
- 禍福無常/祸福无常
- 禍福無門/祸福无门
- 禍福由人/祸福由人
- 禍福相倚/祸福相倚
- 禍福相生/祸福相生
- 禍福與共/祸福与共
- 禍福靡常/祸福靡常
- 禍稔惡盈/祸稔恶盈
- 禍稔蕭牆/祸稔萧墙
- 禍種頭/祸种头
- 禍端/祸端 (huòduān)
- 禍結兵連/祸结兵连
- 禍絕福連/祸绝福连
- 禍結釁深/祸结衅深
- 禍胎/祸胎 (huòtāi)
- 禍與福鄰/祸与福邻
- 禍起蕭牆/祸起萧墙 (huòqǐxiāoqiáng)
- 禍起隱微/祸起隐微
- 禍起飛語/祸起飞语
- 禍首/祸首 (huòshǒu)
- 禍首罪魁/祸首罪魁
- 移禍/移祸 (yíhuò)
- 移禍江東/移祸江东
- 空頭禍/空头祸
- 罪魁禍首/罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
- 肇禍/肇祸 (zhàohuò)
- 肇禍者/肇祸者
- 自取其禍/自取其祸 (zìqǔqíhuò)
- 苞藏禍心/苞藏祸心
- 蕭牆之禍/萧墙之祸
- 蕭牆禍起/萧墙祸起
- 被災蒙禍/被灾蒙祸
- 被禍/被祸
- 要寵召禍/要宠召祸
- 資怨助禍/资怨助祸
- 賈禍/贾祸 (gǔhuò)
- 赤禍/赤祸
- 車禍/车祸 (chēhuò)
- 轉禍為福/转祸为福
- 連環車禍/连环车祸 (liánhuán chēhuò)
- 遺禍/遗祸 (yíhuò)
- 避禍/避祸
- 避禍就福/避祸就福
- 釀禍/酿祸
- 闖禍/闯祸 (chuǎnghuò)
- 飛來橫禍/飞来横祸 (fēiláihènghuò)
- 飛殃走禍/飞殃走祸
- 飛災橫禍/飞灾横祸
- 飛禍/飞祸
- 鬩牆之禍/阋墙之祸
- 黃禍/黄祸 (huánghuò)
- 黨禍/党祸 (dǎnghuò)
- 黨錮之禍/党锢之祸
- 齒牙為禍/齿牙为祸
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 禍 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
禍 禍 or 禍+ ︀ ?
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![]() |
禍󠄀 禍+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
禍󠄃 禍+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]禍
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禍)
- Calamity
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: が (ga)←ぐわ (gwa, historical); わ (wa)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: わざわい (wazawai, 禍い)←わざはひ (wazafafi, 禍ひ, historical); まが (maga, 禍)
Noun
[edit]- Alternative form of 災い
References
[edit]- ^ “禍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]禍 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]禍: Hán Nôm readings: họa/hoạ, vạ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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