비

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비 U+BE44, 비
HANGUL SYLLABLE BI
Composition:ㅂ + ㅣ
← 빃
[U+BE43] 		Hangul Syllables 빅 →
[U+BE45]
비빅빆빇빈빉빊
빋빌빍빎빏빐빑
빒빓빔빕빖빗빘
빙빚빛빜빝빞빟
븨 ←→ 빠

Korean

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Etymology 1

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First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 霏微 (Yale: *piWi). Hence the word was originally disyllabic; Alexander Vovin believes it was borrowed from Tungusic,[1] in this case, it would ultimately be from Proto-Tungusic *pigi- (“to blow; rain”).

However, Hyunkyu Shin suggests that remaining editions of Jīlín lèishì misinterpreted the original, that 微 was originally a part of the following explanation "微雪下曰 嫩耻" (small amount of snowfall is called "*nwun ti"), and that "rain" should correspond to only 霏 (Yale: *pi).[2]

In the hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 비〮 (Yale: pí).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bi
Revised Romanization (translit.)?bi
McCune–Reischauer?pi
Yale Romanization?pi
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 비의 / 비에 / 비까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable.

Noun

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비 • (bi)

  1. rain
    어릴 적 나는 비가 하늘이 내려 주는 공짜 물이라고 생각했다.
    Eoril jeok na-neun biga haneur-i naeryeo juneun gongjja mur-irago saenggakhaetda.
    When I was young, I thought rain was free water from the sky.
    밖에 비가 와요. ― Bakk-e biga wayo. ― Outside, rain is falling.
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 뷔〮 (Yale: pwúy).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bi
Revised Romanization (translit.)?bi
McCune–Reischauer?pi
Yale Romanization?pi

Noun

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비 • (bi)

  1. (dated) broom
    Synonym: (usual) 빗자루 (bitjaru)
    방을 비로 쓸다 ― bang-eul biro sseulda ― to sweep the room with a broom
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Sino-Korean word from 碑, from the Middle Korean reading 비 (Yale: pì).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bi
Revised Romanization (translit.)?bi
McCune–Reischauer?pi
Yale Romanization?pi

Noun

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비 • (bi) (hanja 碑)

  1. gravestone; tombstone
    Synonym: 묘비(墓碑) (myobi)
  2. stone engraved with memorial text
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Borrowed from English bee.

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bi
Revised Romanization (translit.)?bi
McCune–Reischauer?pi
Yale Romanization?pi

Noun

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비 • (bi)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.
Coordinate terms
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Etymology 5

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Sino-Korean word from 非.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pi(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bi
Revised Romanization (translit.)?bi
McCune–Reischauer?pi
Yale Romanization?pī

Prefix

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비— • (bi-) (hanja 非)

  1. un-; in-; non-
    비공식 (非公式) ― unofficial
    비공개 (非公開) ― private (lit. not made public)
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Sino-Korean word from 費.

Suffix

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—비 • (-bi) (hanja 費)

  1. cost, fee; expense
    생활비 (生活費) ― living expenses
    교육비 (敎育費) ― cost of education
Derived terms
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Etymology 7

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Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

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비 (bi)

More information
  1. 比: comparison
    (eumhun reading: 견줄 비 (gyeonjul bi))
    (MC reading: 比 (MC bjij|pjijX|bjijH|pjijH|bjit))
  2. 非: not;un-, in-, non-
    (eumhun reading: 아닐 비 (anil bi))
    (MC reading: 非 (MC pj+j))
  3. 悲: sad
    (eumhun reading: 슬플 비 (seulpeul bi))
    (MC reading: 悲 (MC pij))
  4. 飛: to fly
    (eumhun reading: 날 비 (nal bi))
    (MC reading: 飛 (MC pj+j))
  5. 鼻: nose; nasal; rhino-
    (eumhun reading: 코 비 (ko bi))
    (MC reading: 鼻 (MC bjijH))
  6. 備: equip, provision
    (eumhun reading: 갖출 비 (gatchul bi))
    (MC reading: 備 (MC bijH))
  7. 批:
    (MC reading: 批 (MC phej))
  8. 卑: low; inferior
    (eumhun reading: 낮을 비 (najeul bi))
    (MC reading: 卑 (MC pjie))
  9. 婢:
    (MC reading: 婢 (MC bjieX))
  10. 碑:
    (MC reading: 碑 (MC pje))
  11. 妃: wife, spouse; imperial concubine
    (eumhun reading: 왕비 비 (wangbi bi))
    (MC reading: 妃 (MC phj+j|phwojH))
  12. 肥:
    (MC reading: 肥 (MC bj+j))
  13. 祕:
    (MC reading: 祕 (MC pijH))
  14. 費: spend; cost
    (eumhun reading: 쓸 비 (sseul bi))
    (MC reading: 費 (MC pijH|phj+jH|bj+jH))
  15. 庇:
    (MC reading: 庇 (MC pjijH))
  16. 枇:
    (MC reading: 枇 (MC bjij|pjijX|bjijH))
  17. 琵:
    (MC reading: 琵 (MC bjij))
  18. 扉:
    (MC reading: 扉 (MC pj+j))
  19. 譬:
    (MC reading: 譬 (MC phjieH))
  20. 丕: large; grand
    (eumhun reading: 클 비 (keul bi))
    (MC reading: 丕 (MC phij))
  21. 匕: spoon; dagger
    (eumhun reading: 비수 비 (bisu bi))
    (MC reading: 匕 (MC pjijX))
  22. 匪:
    (MC reading: 匪 (MC pj+jX))
  23. 憊:
    (MC reading: 憊 (MC beajH))
  24. 斐:
    (MC reading: 斐 (MC phj+jX))
  25. 榧:
    (MC reading: 榧 (MC pj+jX))
  26. 毖:
    (MC reading: 毖 (MC pijH))
  27. 毗:
    (MC reading: 毗 (MC bjij))
  28. 沸:
    (MC reading: 沸 (MC pj+jH))
  29. 泌: seeping out, excretion
    (eumhun reading: 샘물 졸졸 흐를 비 (saemmul joljol heureul bi))
    (MC reading: 泌 (MC pijH|bjit|pit))
  30. 痺:
    (MC reading: 痺 (MC pjie))
  31. 砒:
    (MC reading: 砒)
  32. 秕:
    (MC reading: 秕 (MC pjijX))
  33. 粃:
    (MC reading: 粃)
  34. 緋:
    (MC reading: 緋 (MC pj+j))
  35. 翡:
    (MC reading: 翡 (MC bj+jH))
  36. 脾: spleen
    (eumhun reading: 지라 비 (jira bi))
    (MC reading: 脾 (MC bjie))
  37. 臂: arm
    (eumhun reading: 팔 비 (pal bi))
    (MC reading: 臂 (MC pjieH))
  38. 菲:
    (MC reading: 菲 (MC phj+j|phj+jX|bj+jH))
  39. 蜚:
    (MC reading: 蜚 (MC pj+jX|bj+jH))
  40. 裨:
    (MC reading: 裨 (MC pjie|bjie))
  41. 誹:
    (MC reading: 誹 (MC pj+j|pj+jH))
  42. 鄙:
    (MC reading: 鄙 (MC pijX))
  43. 棐:
    (MC reading: 棐 (MC pj+jX))
  44. 庀:
    (MC reading: 庀 (MC phjieX))
  45. 奜:
    (MC reading: 奜 (MC phj+jX))
  46. 霏:
    (MC reading: 霏 (MC phj+j))
  47. 俾:
    (MC reading: 俾 (MC pjeX))
  48. 馡:
    (MC reading: 馡 (MC pj+j))
  49. 伾:
    (MC reading: 伾 (MC phij))
  50. 仳:
    (MC reading: 仳 (MC bjij|phjieX|bijX))
  51. 剕:
    (MC reading: 剕)
  52. 圮:
    (MC reading: 圮 (MC bijX))
  53. 埤:
    (MC reading: 埤 (MC bjie))
  54. 妣:
    (MC reading: 妣 (MC pjijX))
  55. 屁:
    (MC reading: 屁 (MC phjijH))
  56. 庳:
    (MC reading: 庳 (MC bjieX))
  57. 悱:
    (MC reading: 悱 (MC phj+jX))
  58. 椑:
    (MC reading: 椑 (MC pjie|bej|bjiek|bek))
  59. 沘:
    (MC reading: 沘 (MC bjij|pjijX))
  60. 淝:
    (MC reading: 淝 (MC bj+j))
  61. 淠:
    (MC reading: 淠 (MC phijH))
  62. 濞:
    (MC reading: 濞 (MC phijH|phejH))
  63. 狒:
    (MC reading: 狒 (MC bj+jH))
  64. 狉:
    (MC reading: 狉)
  65. 痞:
    (MC reading: 痞 (MC pijX|bijX|pjuwX))
  66. 痹:
    (MC reading: 痹 (MC pjijH))
  67. 睥:
    (MC reading: 睥 (MC phejH))
  68. 篦:
    (MC reading: 篦 (MC pej))
  69. 紕:
    (MC reading: 紕 (MC bjie|phjij|tsyhiX))
  70. 羆:
    (MC reading: 羆 (MC pje))
  71. 腓:
    (MC reading: 腓 (MC bj+j|bj+jH))
  72. 芘:
    (MC reading: 芘 (MC bjij|bjijH))
  73. 芾:
    (MC reading: 芾 (MC pj+jH|pajH|pjut))
  74. 萆:
    (MC reading: 萆 (MC siX|bjiek))
  75. 蓖:
    (MC reading: 蓖 (MC pej))
  76. 蚍:
    (MC reading: 蚍 (MC bjij))
  77. 貔:
    (MC reading: 貔 (MC bjij))
  78. 贔:
    (MC reading: 贔 (MC bijH))
  79. 轡:
    (MC reading: 轡 (MC pijH))
  80. 邳:
    (MC reading: 邳 (MC bij))
  81. 郫:
    (MC reading: 郫 (MC bje|bjie|bea))
  82. 閟:
    (MC reading: 閟 (MC pijH))
  83. 陴:
    (MC reading: 陴 (MC bjie))
  84. 鞴:
    (MC reading: 鞴 (MC bijH|buH|bjuwk))
  85. 騑:
    (MC reading: 騑 (MC phj+j|pj+j))
  86. 騛:
    (MC reading: 騛 (MC pj+j))
  87. 髀:
    (MC reading: 髀 (MC pjeX|pjijX|bejX))
  88. 鼙:
    (MC reading: 鼙 (MC bej))
  89. 秘: Alternative form of 祕
    (MC reading: 秘 (MC pijH))
  90. 毘: Alternative form of 毗
    (MC reading: 毘)

References

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  1. ^ Alexander Vovin (2000) “Pre-Hankul Materials, Koreo-Japonic, and Altaic”, in Korean Studies, volume 24, pages 142—155
  2. ^ “鷄林類事 高麗方言 연구에 제시된 구조 교정 一考察”, in 영주어문, volume 53, 2023, pages 89-125

Middle Korean

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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비〮 (pí) (locative 비〮예〮 (pí-yéy))

  1. rain

Descendants

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  • Korean: 비 (bi)
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