億

See also: 亿

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Han character

億 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿心 (OYTP), four-corner 2023₆, composition ⿰亻意)

Derived characters

𨯑, 𬟆

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 118, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1178
Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 227, character 6
Unihan data for U+5104

Chinese

trad.		億
simp.		亿^*

Wikipedia has an article on:

億

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 億
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b12362 b15389 Small seal script s05812 s07653 Transcribed ancient scripts L28411 L28412 L28413
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
噫	qrɯːɡs, qɯ
譩	qɯ, qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	qɯʔ, qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yet²
Gan (Wiktionary): i⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi / yit

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): i³
Northern Min (KCR): i̿
Eastern Min (BUC): é
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ek / iak

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶yi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik¹
  - Yale: yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi / yit
  - Hakka Romanization System: i / id`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ / yid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/, /it̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'ik

Rime
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Baxter	'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək/
English	100000
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	億
Reading #	1/1
No.	15157
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 億

hundred million (100,000,000)
先定個小目標賺他一個億 [MSC, trad.]
先定个小目标赚他一个亿 [MSC, simp.]
From: Wang Jianlin 王健林
xiān dìng ge xiǎo mùbiāo zhuàn tā yī ge yì [Pinyin]
first set a small goal: make a hundred million [Chinese yuan]
^† hundred thousand (100,000)
many
a surname

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

億

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

億

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: よく (yoku)
Kun: お (o)
Nanori: かた (kata)

Compounds

Template:mid4

億(おく)兆(ちょう) (okuchō)

Template:mid4

十(じゅう)万(まん)億(おく)土(ど) (jūman'okudo)

Template:mid4

億(おく)万(まん) (okuman)

Noun

億(おく) • (oku)

a hundred million, 10⁸

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おく [óꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Derived terms

億ション

References

^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

億 (eum 억 (eok))

Noun

億 • (eok) (hangeul 억)

Hanja form^? of 억 (“a hundred million, 10⁸”).

Vietnamese

Han character

億: Hán Nôm readings: ức

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 億

Template:han tu form of

[SMK2-1] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁶	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)

億

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

See also

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Noun

Pronunciation

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Noun

Vietnamese

Han character

Noun

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億

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

See also

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Noun

Pronunciation

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Noun

Vietnamese

Han character

Noun

Navigation menu

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