寺
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Traditional | 寺 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 寺 |
| Japanese | 寺 |
| Korean | 寺 |
Han character[edit]
寺 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土木戈 (GDI), four-corner 40341, composition ⿱土寸(GJKV) or ⿱士寸(HT))
Alternative forms[edit]
- Note that in Japanese, Korean and Simplified Chinese scripts, the top half of the character is 土 (instead of 士 as seen in Traditional Chinese), which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.
Derived characters[edit]
- 侍, 𠱾, 𭎒, 峙, 待, 持, 洔, 𮥂, 恃, 時(时), 㭙, 𭷅, 歭, 特, 畤, 𪿚, 秲, 𥩳, 𥹩, 𫊵, 𧠴, 𫸺, 詩(诗), 䝰, 跱, 𣊒, 𩶬, 𪀔, 鼭, 𫅌, 𪗺
- 邿, 𪰛, 𪧸, 䓁, 㫭, 等, 𫴶, 庤, 痔, 䦙
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 293, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7414
- Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 11
- Unihan data for U+5BFA
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 寺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 寺 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 寺 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljɯs): phonetic 𡳿 (OC *tjɯ, “to go”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – to grasp, to hold. Phonetic 𡳿 (之) became 土 or 士 in the clerical script from the late Western Han to the Eastern Han, and semantic 又 become 寸 in Small Seal Script. The derivative 持 (OC *l'ɯ) refers to the original word.
The character was often used in the place of a more specialized form. For example, in the Chu Silk Manuscript (see table above) it clearly stood for 時 (OC *djɯ, “season”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
寺
- (Buddhism) temple; monastery
- 白馬寺／白马寺 ― Báimǎ Sì ― White Horse Temple
- 少林寺 ― Shàolínsì ― Shaolin Monastery
- 哲蚌寺 ― Zhébàngsì ― Drepung Monastery
- place of worship; shrine
- 清真寺 ― qīngzhēnsì ― mosque
- government court; office (Used before Han dynasty)
- † Original form of 持 (chí, “to hold; to grasp”).
Usage notes[edit]
Not used for places of worship of Taoism, Chinese folk religion and Christianity.
Synonyms[edit]
- (temple):
Synonyms of 寺
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
寺
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
寺
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 寺 |
| てら Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.
- Some sources[2][3] derive Japanese tera from Middle Korean 졀 (jeol). This is from earlier 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) and is the nativised reading of 찰 (刹, chal, “Buddhist temple”) below, deriving in turn from Middle Chinese 剎 (MC t͡ʃʰˠat̚), shortened from 剎多羅 (MC t͡ʃʰˠat̚ tɑ lɑ, “Buddhist monastery, temple or shrine”), borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land, area, domain”).
- Other sources[4] describe Japanese tera as cognate with modern Korean 찰 (刹, chal, “temple”), appearing as a component in terms such as 선찰 (禪刹, seonchal, “Zen temple”), 사찰 (寺刹, sachal, “Buddhist temple”).
- Another derivation[3][4] is given as Pali thera (“elders”) in reference to the monks.
Considering the phonetic development in Korean, the avenues for transmission of Buddhist terms to Japan, and the consistent temple sense of the Japanese term throughout recorded history, the now-obsolete Korean 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) may be a more likely source than Pali thera (“elders”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (chiefly Buddhist) a temple
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 寺 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 寺 (MC zɨH).
Pronunciation[edit]
- The pitch accent depends on the suffixed term.
Suffix[edit]
- (chiefly Buddhist) a temple
References[edit]
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3822), text here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- Buddhist monastery
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