昆
Translingual
Han character
昆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心心 (APP), four-corner 60711, composition ⿱日比)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 490, character 39
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13792
- Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1489, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6606
Chinese
trad. | 昆 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 昆 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 昆 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 日 + 比.
Etymology 1
- “elder brother”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); cognate with 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).
- Alternatively, it may be related to Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”), with nominal suffix -n added (Schuessler, 2007).
- “descendants; later”
- Perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (“child”); cognate with Min 囝 (“son; child”) (Schuessler, 2007) and with ancient Chu dialect 觀 (OC *koːn, “child; offspring”) (Ye, 2014); cf. also some rear meanings of the characters 丱 (OC *kroːns, “young child”), 鯤 (OC *kuːn, “roe; fish egg”) and 鰥 (OC *kruːn, “roe”) (ibid.). In modern Wu dialects the character 官 (OC *koːn) is used to mean "children" (ibid.).
- “many; numerous”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (“twenty; all”); cognate with 群 (OC *ɡlun, “herd; all”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kun
- Wade–Giles: kʻun1
- Yale: kwūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuen
- Palladius: кунь (kunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kwan1 / gwan1
- Yale: kwān / gwān
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwan1 / gwan1
- Guangdong Romanization: kuen1 / guen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/, /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: kwon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤu[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kuːn/
Definitions
- † simultaneously
- † elder brother
- † descendants
- † later
- † many; numerous
- † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 焜 (kūn).
- Short for 昆明 (Kūnmíng).
- a surname
Compounds
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Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hún
- Wade–Giles: hun2
- Yale: hwún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
- Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 昆侖/昆仑 (húnlún), (deprecated template usage) alternative form of 渾淪/浑沦 (húnlún).
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hùn
- Wade–Giles: hun4
- Yale: hwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huenn
- Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wan6
- Yale: wahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: wan6
- Guangdong Romanization: wen6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 混 (hùn, “to unite”).
- 54th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "unity" (𝌻)
Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 昆 – see 崑. (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 崑). |
Notes:
|
References
- “昆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
昆
- A swarm of or an organism that swarms (e.g. bugs), an organism that forms in large groups (e.g. kombu)
- elder brother
- descendants, great-great-great-great grandchild
Readings
- Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
- Kun: あに (ani, 昆)、なかま (nakama)、むれ (mure)
- Nanori: ひ (hi)、ひで (hide)、やす (yasu)
Compounds
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
昆 • (gon, hon) (hangeul 곤, 혼, revised gon, hon, McCune–Reischauer kon, hon, Yale kon, hon)
See also
- 鵾 (곤, gon) swan, among the largest birds
- 猑 (곤, gon) dog, the big one
- 鯤 (곤, gon) fish, the largest, legendary creature
- 混 (곤, gon) maybe, Huns or Hünen "giants"
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 昆 (con, côn, gon)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす
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