瓜
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
瓜 (Kangxi radical 97, 瓜+0, 5 strokes in Chinese, 6 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹女戈人 (HVIO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰厶乀 or ⿻𤓰丶)
- Kangxi radical #97, ⽠.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 746, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21371
- Dae Jaweon: page 1154, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2654, character 1
- Unihan data for U+74DC
Chinese
trad. | 瓜 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 瓜 | |
alternative forms | 苽 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 瓜 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines.
Etymology
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gua1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуа (gua, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôa
- Northern Min (KCR): guá
- Eastern Min (BUC): guă
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ko
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gua
- Wade–Giles: kua1
- Yale: gwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
- Palladius: гуа (gua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwaa1
- Yale: gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: gua´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gua1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯a²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guă
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- koe - vernacular;
- koa - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 瓜 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kua⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuɑ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kua²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kua²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kua²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kua²¹/ | |
Xining | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kua³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kua̠⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kuɑ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kua²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kua¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuɑ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kua³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ko⁵³/ /kua⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /ko⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kuɑ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kuo³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kua³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kuːə¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kua³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kuɒ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kuɑ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kua⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kuɑ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwa⁵⁵/ |
Nanning | /kʷa⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kwa⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kua⁵⁵/ /kue⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kua⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kue³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kue²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kwae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraː/
Definitions
- melon; gourd; squash
- (Cantonese, slang, humorous) to die
- (Mainland China, slang, neologism) storyful news
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to die):
- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿/不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊/仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世/倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡/倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝/凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡/丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命/丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生/丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼/呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
- 嚥氣/咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂/圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢/寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣/失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了/小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義/就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三/弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛/挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命/毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕/晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世/弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天/归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西/归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山/归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹/死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫/死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞/殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕/气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世/没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 畢命/毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 百年歸老/百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命/尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終/终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕/绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子/翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召/蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難/被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背/见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王/见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 賓天/宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世/辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材/进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世/过世 (guòshì)
- 過去/过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往/过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身/过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面/过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵/长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠/长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼/闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落/陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世/离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩/驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去/驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊/驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓/龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
- Go-on: け (ke)←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)
- Kan-on: か (ka)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: うり (uri, 瓜)
Compounds
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
瓜 |
うり Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ori. Found in the Man'yōshū, compiled some time after 759 CE.
Possibly derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 熟る (uru), modern form 熟れる (ureru, “to ripen”).
Possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi, “cucumber”); compare other terms in the Japonic family, such as Kikai 瓜 (ui) and Yoron 瓜 (ui).
Pronunciation
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Noun
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウリ.
Derived terms
Idioms
- 瓜の蔓には茄子はならぬ (uri no tsuru ni wa nasubi wa naranu): “an eggplant won't grow on a gourd vine” → like father, like son, or the apple does not fall far from the tree
- 瓜を二つに割ったよう (uri o futatsu ni watta yō), 瓜を二つに割りたる如し (uri o futatsu ni waritaru gotoshi): “like a gourd split in two” → like two peas in a pod
- 瓜二つ (uri futatsu): “two gourds” → like two peas in a pod
- 瓜を二つに割らずそのまま (uri o futatsu ni warazu sono mama): “like a gourd that hasn't even been split in two” → like two peas in a pod, more emphatically
References
Kikai
Kanji
Etymology
Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”).
Noun
Compounds
- 胡瓜 (きうい, kiui, “cucumber”)
Korean
Hanja
Miyako
Kanji
Etymology
Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”), possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi).
Noun
Okinawan
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
瓜 |
うい Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”), possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi).
Noun
瓜 (ui)
References
- “ウイ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese
Han character
瓜: Hán Việt readings: qua[1][2][3]
瓜: Nôm readings: qua[3][4][5], dưa[1][6], co[1]
Compounds
References
Yoron
Kanji
Etymology
Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”).
Noun
- Han character radicals
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- Vietnamese Nom
- Yoron lemmas
- Yoron Han characters
- Yoron nouns
- CJKV radicals